`CVE-2016-1182` Apache Struts

Affected software	Apache Struts
Severity	8.2 High CVSS 3.0 2 scores
Weakness	Improper input validation (CWE-20)
Published	4 Jul 2016
Updated	15 Oct 2026

Description

ActionServlet.java in Apache Struts 1 1.x through 1.3.10 does not properly restrict the Validator configuration, which allows remote attackers to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks or cause a denial of service via crafted input, a related issue to CVE-2015-0899.

Exploitation status

No public exploit

No exploit has been reported in the sources we check. Published 10 years ago.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 26% chance in 30 days A model's forecast, not a report of exploitation. Higher than 98% of all scored CVEs.

Waratek protection

Protected by Waratek

Waratek has a rule that blocks attacks on this vulnerability.

Protection full
Action available patch rule
Review human ARMR file
Record active

Decided by	An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE
Finding	CVE is covered by a multi-CVE ARMR patch rule

Decided by

An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

Finding

CVE is covered by a multi-CVE ARMR patch rule

ARMR rule files

1 file

The rule files Waratek ships for this CVE. Some CVEs need more than one, for example one per affected library or one per ARMR version.

CVE-2016-1182.armr patch rule, ARMR 2.6 added 2020-06-25 updated 2026-03-04

How to mitigate CVE-2016-1182

Apply the vendor's fix for Apache Struts. Until you can, Waratek RASP blocks exploitation with a rule written for this CVE. It runs inside the Java application, with no code changes.

Waratek RASP Runtime protection for Java applications

CVSS

8.2 HIGH v3.0 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.0 8.2 HIGH CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H NVD Primary published

CVSS 2.0 6.4 none AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:P NVD Primary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.0	8.2	HIGH	`CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 2.0	6.4	none	`AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:P`	NVD	Primary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2018 ↗	CPU	2018-Q4	Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Apache Struts 1) (Prior to 10.2.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / OAAM Server (Apache Struts 1) (11.1.1.7.0, 11.1.2.3.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / Platform Installation (Apache Struts 1) (3.2.1)
Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2018 ↗	CPU	2018-Q1	Oracle Fusion Middleware / Security Framework (Apache Struts 1) (11.1.1.9.0, 12.2.1.2.0, 12.2.1.3.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2017 ↗	CPU	2017-Q1	Oracle Primavera Products Suite / Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management (8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2018 ↗

CPU

2018-Q4

Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Apache Struts 1) (Prior to 10.2.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / OAAM Server (Apache Struts 1) (11.1.1.7.0, 11.1.2.3.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / Platform Installation (Apache Struts 1) (3.2.1)

Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2018 ↗

CPU

2018-Q1

Oracle Fusion Middleware / Security Framework (Apache Struts 1) (11.1.1.9.0, 12.2.1.2.0, 12.2.1.3.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2017 ↗

CPU

2017-Q1

Oracle Primavera Products Suite / Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management (8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Communications Applications	Security (Apache Struts 1)	Prior to 10.2.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	OAAM Server (Apache Struts 1)	11.1.1.7.0, 11.1.2.3.0	11.1.1.7.0 · 11.1.2.3.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Platform Installation (Apache Struts 1)	3.2.1	3.2.1
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Security Framework (Apache Struts 1)	11.1.1.9.0, 12.2.1.2.0, 12.2.1.3.0	11.1.1.9.0 · 12.2.1.2.0 · 12.2.1.3.0
Oracle Primavera Products Suite	Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management	8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2	8.2 · 8.3 · 8.4 · 15.1 · 15.2 · 16.1 · 16.2

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Communications Applications

Security (Apache Struts 1)

Prior to 10.2.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

OAAM Server (Apache Struts 1)

11.1.1.7.0, 11.1.2.3.0

11.1.1.7.0 · 11.1.2.3.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Platform Installation (Apache Struts 1)

3.2.1

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Security Framework (Apache Struts 1)

11.1.1.9.0, 12.2.1.2.0, 12.2.1.3.0

11.1.1.9.0 · 12.2.1.2.0 · 12.2.1.3.0

Oracle Primavera Products Suite

Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management

8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2

8.2 · 8.3 · 8.4 · 15.1 · 15.2 · 16.1 · 16.2

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.struts:struts-core`	0	none	1.3.10
`struts:struts`	0	none	1.2.9

Products and versions

3 products, 30 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apache	struts	generic	1.0 · 1.0:beta1 · 1.0:beta2 · 1.0:beta3 · 1.0.1 · 1.0.2 · 1.1 · 1.1:rc1 · 1.1:rc2 · 1.1:b1 · 1.1:b2 · 1.1:b3 · 1.2.0 · 1.2.1 · 1.2.2 · 1.2.3 · 1.2.4 · 1.2.5 · 1.2.6 · 1.2.7 · 1.2.8 · 1.2.9 · 1.3.5 · 1.3.6 · 1.3.7 · 1.3.8 · 1.3.9 · 1.3.10
osv	org.apache.struts	struts-core	generic	≤ 1.3.10
osv	struts	struts	generic	≤ 1.2.9

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apache

struts

generic

1.0 · 1.0:beta1 · 1.0:beta2 · 1.0:beta3 · 1.0.1 · 1.0.2 · 1.1 · 1.1:rc1 · 1.1:rc2 · 1.1:b1 · 1.1:b2 · 1.1:b3 · 1.2.0 · 1.2.1 · 1.2.2 · 1.2.3 · 1.2.4 · 1.2.5 · 1.2.6 · 1.2.7 · 1.2.8 · 1.2.9 · 1.3.5 · 1.3.6 · 1.3.7 · 1.3.8 · 1.3.9 · 1.3.10

osv

org.apache.struts

struts-core

generic

≤ 1.3.10

osv

struts

generic

≤ 1.2.9

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/kawasima/struts1-forever/commit/eda3a79907ed8fcb0387a0496d0cb14332f250e8	WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1343540	WEB
https://github.com/apache/struts	PACKAGE
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2016-1182	WEB
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20180629-0006	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2020.html	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuapr2019-5072813.html	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujan2019-5072801.html	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2019-5072835.html	WEB

URL

Timeline

Published	2016-07-04	By the CVE Program.
ARMR remediation created	2020-06-25	Earliest commit adding this CVE's ARMR patch or security rule.
ARMR remediation last updated	2026-03-04	Most recent commit touching this CVE's ARMR patch or security rule.
Last VRT activity	2026-03-04	Most recent commit touching this CVE's classification, patch or rule file.
NVD record modified	2026-10-15	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2016-07-04

By the CVE Program.

ARMR remediation created

2020-06-25

Earliest commit adding this CVE's ARMR patch or security rule.

ARMR remediation last updated

2026-03-04

Most recent commit touching this CVE's ARMR patch or security rule.

Last VRT activity

2026-03-04

Most recent commit touching this CVE's classification, patch or rule file.

NVD record modified

2026-10-15

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (2 of 24 rules ran)

2 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file decided it matched Protected by Waratek Covered by ARMR patch: CVE-2016-1182.armr

3 armr-secure-rule-file not reached An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification not reached A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification not reached Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream not reached A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component not reached The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side not reached Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven not reached An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint not reached A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven not reached The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable not reached An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit not reached Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match not reached A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc not reached Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold not reached Medium or Low severity, no CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, no PoC clearing the evidence bar, no CISA verdict, no Oracle advisory

24 no-exploit-published not reached Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

NVD ↗ · CVE.org ↗