`CVE-2026-77421`

Severity	6.5 Medium CVSS 3.1
Fixed in	`4.3.1`, `3.30.15`
Weakness	CWE-1333
Published	23 Sep 2026
Updated	30 Sep 2026

Published 51 days ago. NVD often adds the list of affected products days or weeks after a CVE is published, and the other sources we check lag too. The scope and status here may change.

Description

JLine is a Java library for handling console input. From 3.0.0 until 3.30.15 and 4.3.1, the JLine built-in nano editor's regex search mode passes a user-controlled search term from doSearch(String text) in builtins/src/main/java/org/jline/builtins/Nano.java to Java's backtracking regular expression engine without a timeout or backtracking bound. A nested-quantifier expression evaluated against non-matching buffer content can consume excessive CPU and indefinitely block the editor session thread, and remote multi-user deployments can lose a worker thread for each affected session. This issue is fixed in versions 3.30.15 and 4.3.1.

Exploitation status

No public exploit

No exploit has been reported in the sources we check.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 0.43% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

A public code fix exists: jline/jline3 1d5fc30.

Protection none
Action unverified
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all
Finding	This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.
Candidate fix	https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e77938b971e197211cad2d4fbb17541 : a commit: the change itself

Decided by

Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

Finding

This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

Candidate fix

https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e77938b971e197211cad2d4fbb17541 : a commit: the change itself

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 ↗	CPU	2026-Q4	Oracle Fusion Middleware / Centralized Thirdparty Jars (jline) (12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 ↗

CPU

2026-Q4

Oracle Fusion Middleware / Centralized Thirdparty Jars (jline) (12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Centralized Thirdparty Jars (jline)	12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0	12.2.1.4.0 · 14.1.1.0.0

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Centralized Thirdparty Jars (jline)

12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0

12.2.1.4.0 · 14.1.1.0.0

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.jline:jline-builtins 4.0.0 4.3.1 unbounded

org.jline:jline-builtins 3.0.0 3.30.15 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.jline:jline-builtins`	4.0.0	`4.3.1`	unbounded
`org.jline:jline-builtins`	3.0.0	`3.30.15`	unbounded

Products and versions

1 product, 2 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
osv	org.jline	jline-builtins	generic	≥ 3.0.0 and ＜ 3.30.15 · ≥ 4.0.0 and ＜ 4.3.1

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

osv

org.jline

jline-builtins

generic

≥ 3.0.0 and ＜ 3.30.15 · ≥ 4.0.0 and ＜ 4.3.1

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e77938b971e197211cad2d4fbb17541	commit
https://github.com/jline/jline3/security/advisories/GHSA-ph9c-7hw9-vhhw	WEB
https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2012	WEB
https://github.com/jline/jline3/pull/2018	WEB
https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/341ee69ccc57b7733c1b40d6993219b64b3206ae	WEB
https://github.com/jline/jline3	PACKAGE
https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/4.3.1	WEB
https://github.com/jline/jline3/releases/tag/jline-3.30.15	WEB

URL

Timeline

Published	2026-09-23	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-09-30	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2026-09-23

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-09-30

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (17 of 24 rules ran)

17 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven matched In scope Maven packages: org.jline:jline-builtins

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint matched Mitigation candidate References include candidate fix URL (commit tier): https://github.com/jline/jline3/commit/1d5fc3099e77938b971e197211cad2d4fbb17541

18 open-source-maven skipped The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit skipped Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match no match A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc skipped Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold withheld CVE ships in Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 (CPU) — Oracle treats it as urgent, so severity does not settle it

24 no-exploit-published decided it matched No exploit published No exploit code has been published, and an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds.

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