`CVE-2025-70974`

Severity	10.0 Critical CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in	`1.2.48`
Weakness	CWE-829
Published	9 Jan 2026
Updated	15 Jul 2026

Description

Fastjson before 1.2.48 mishandles autoType because, when an @type key is in a JSON document, and the value of that key is the name of a Java class, there may be calls to certain public methods of that class. Depending on the behavior of those methods, there may be JNDI injection with an attacker-supplied payload located elsewhere in that JSON document. This was exploited in the wild in 2023 through 2025. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18349. Also, a later bypass is covered by CVE-2022-25845.

Exploitation status

Exploited

Real-world exploitation reported by VulnCheck KEV. CISA has not confirmed it.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV listed Exploitation reported in the wild. 2 citations · earliest 2025-06-23.
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: poc CISA recorded that an exploit has been demonstrated. Automatable: yes, technical impact: total.
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 0.75% chance in 30 days

VulnCheck KEV

Exploitation evidence from VulnCheck Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (VulnCheck KEV), used under VulnCheck's community terms. View CVE-2025-70974 in VulnCheck (free account).

Evidence	Source	Detail	Date
Reported exploitation	cloudsek.com	/blog/androxgh0st-continues-exploitation-operators-compromise-a-us-university-for-hosting-c2-logger	2025-06-23
Reported exploitation	cve.org	/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-70974	2026-01-09

Evidence

Source

Detail

Date

Reported exploitation

cloudsek.com

/blog/androxgh0st-continues-exploitation-operators-compromise-a-us-university-for-hosting-c2-logger

2025-06-23

Reported exploitation

cve.org

/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-70974

2026-01-09

Waratek protection

Outside Waratek scope

A Java vulnerability, but not one Waratek protects. It affects only Java on a user's desktop (applets, Web Start, JavaFX, the installer), sits in a product the Waratek agent can't be installed into, or is in a package we don't expect in business applications. The decision below says which.

Protection none
Action not pursued none
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead
Finding	Every Maven package this CVE affects (com.alibaba:fastjson) is on the excluded_maven_packages list in known-products.yaml, so it is not reviewed.

Decided by

An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead

Finding

Every Maven package this CVE affects (com.alibaba:fastjson) is on the excluded_maven_packages list in known-products.yaml, so it is not reviewed.

CVSS

10.0 CRITICAL v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 10.0 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H cve@mitre.org Secondary published

CVSS 3.1 10.0 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H redhat-SADP Secondary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	10.0	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`	cve@mitre.org	Secondary	published
CVSS 3.1	10.0	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`	redhat-SADP	Secondary

Affected software and releases

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

com.alibaba:fastjson 0 1.2.48 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`com.alibaba:fastjson`	0	`1.2.48`	unbounded

Products and versions

1 product, 1 version entry

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
osv	com.alibaba	fastjson	generic	＜ 1.2.48

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

osv

com.alibaba

fastjson

generic

＜ 1.2.48

References

URL	Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-70974	WEB
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2428203	WEB
https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson	PACKAGE
https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson/compare/1.2.47...1.2.48	WEB
https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/fastjson/1.2.47-rce	WEB
https://web.archive.org/web/20220121055754/https://cert.360.cn/warning/detail?id=7240aeab581c6dc2c9c5350756079955	WEB
https://www.cloudsek.com/blog/androxgh0st-continues-exploitation-operators-compromise-a-us-university-for-hosting-c2-logger	WEB
https://www.cnvd.org.cn/flaw/show/CNVD-2019-22238	WEB
https://www.freebuf.com/vuls/208339.html	WEB
https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-98020	WEB

URL

Timeline

VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence	2025-06-23	Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE.
Published	2026-01-09	By the CVE Program.
VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence	2026-01-09	Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record.
NVD record modified	2026-07-15	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence

2025-06-23

Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE.

Published

2026-01-09

By the CVE Program.

VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence

2026-01-09

Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record.

NVD record modified

2026-07-15

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (9 of 24 rules ran)

9 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven decided it matched Outside Waratek scope Maven packages excluded by policy: com.alibaba:fastjson

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint not reached A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven not reached The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable not reached An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit not reached Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match not reached A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc not reached Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold not reached Medium or Low severity, no CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, no PoC clearing the evidence bar, no CISA verdict, no Oracle advisory

24 no-exploit-published not reached Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

NVD ↗ · CVE.org ↗