`CVE-2025-31650` Apache Tomcat

Affected software	Apache Tomcat
Severity	7.5 High CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in	`9.0.104`, `10.1.40`, `11.0.6`
Weakness	CWE-459
Published	28 Apr 2025
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Incorrect error handling for some invalid HTTP priority headers resulted in incomplete clean-up of the failed request which created a memory leak. A large number of such requests could trigger an OutOfMemoryException resulting in a denial of service. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 9.0.76 through 9.0.102, from 10.1.10 through 10.1.39, from 11.0.0-M2 through 11.0.5. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.90 though 8.5.100. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6 which fix the issue.

CWE-460

Exploitation status

Working exploit published

A reviewed exploit catalogue lists ready-to-run exploit code for this CVE.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
Indexed PoC 4 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in Exploit-DB, GitHub PoC; first seen 2025-04-30.
EPSS 61% chance in 30 days A model's forecast, not a report of exploitation. Higher than 99% of all scored CVEs.

2 of these are GitHub repositories with fewer than 5 stars. They are listed for reference and don't count toward the exploitation status above.

Index	Artifact	Stars	First seen
GitHub PoC	A tool designed to detect the vulnerability CVE-2025-31650 in Apache Tomcat (versions 10.1.10 to 10.1.39)	21	2025-04-30
GitHub PoC	CVE-2025-31650 PoC	2	2025-04-30
GitHub PoC	CVE-2025-31650		2025-06-13
Exploit-DB	Apache Tomcat 10.1.39 - Denial of Service (DoS)		2025-06-05

Waratek protection

Protected by Waratek

Waratek has a rule that blocks attacks on this vulnerability.

Protection full
Action available security rule
Review human Researcher
Record active

Decided by	Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset
Finding	A manual classification set this CVE's status to Protected by Waratek.

Decided by

Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

Finding

A manual classification set this CVE's status to Protected by Waratek.

How to mitigate CVE-2025-31650

Upgrade Apache Tomcat to a release that fixes it: 9.0.104, 10.1.40 or 11.0.6. Until you can, Waratek RASP blocks exploitation with a security rule that blocks this kind of attack. It runs inside the Java application, with no code changes.

Waratek RASP Runtime protection for Java applications

CVSS

7.5 HIGH v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H NVD Primary published

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H CISA-ADP Secondary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	CISA-ADP	Secondary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q4	Oracle Siebel CRM / Application Interface (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 25.8)
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q3	Oracle Fusion Middleware / Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0) Oracle Retail Applications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1) Oracle Supply Chain / Document Management (Apache Tomcat) (6.2.1) Oracle Supply Chain / Document Management (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q4

Oracle Siebel CRM / Application Interface (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 25.8)

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q3

Oracle Fusion Middleware / Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Retail Applications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1)
Oracle Supply Chain / Document Management (Apache Tomcat) (6.2.1)
Oracle Supply Chain / Document Management (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)	12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Retail Applications	Security (Apache Tomcat)	20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1	20.0.5 · 21.0.4 · 22.0.2 · 23.0.2 · 24.0.1
Oracle Siebel CRM	Application Interface (Apache Tomcat)	Prior to 25.8
Oracle Supply Chain	Document Management (Apache Tomcat)	6.2.1	6.2.1 · 9.3.6

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)

12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Retail Applications

Security (Apache Tomcat)

20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1

20.0.5 · 21.0.4 · 22.0.2 · 23.0.2 · 24.0.1

Oracle Siebel CRM

Application Interface (Apache Tomcat)

Prior to 25.8

Oracle Supply Chain

Document Management (Apache Tomcat)

6.2.1

6.2.1 · 9.3.6

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 9.0.76 9.0.104 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 10.1.10 10.1.40 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 11.0.0-M2 11.0.6 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 9.0.76 9.0.104 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.10 10.1.40 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 11.0.0-M2 11.0.6 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 8.5.0 none 8.5.100

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 8.5.0 none 8.5.100

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	9.0.76	`9.0.104`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	10.1.10	`10.1.40`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	11.0.0-M2	`11.0.6`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	9.0.76	`9.0.104`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	10.1.10	`10.1.40`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	11.0.0-M2	`11.0.6`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	8.5.0	none	8.5.100
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	8.5.0	none	8.5.100

Products and versions

3 products, 35 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apache	tomcat	generic	≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone11 · 11.0.0:milestone12 · 11.0.0:milestone13 · 11.0.0:milestone14 · 11.0.0:milestone15 · 11.0.0:milestone16 · 11.0.0:milestone17 · 11.0.0:milestone18 · 11.0.0:milestone19 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone20 · 11.0.0:milestone21 · 11.0.0:milestone22 · 11.0.0:milestone23 · 11.0.0:milestone24 · 11.0.0:milestone25 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9 · ≥ 11.0.1 and ＜ 11.0.6
osv	org.apache.tomcat	tomcat-coyote	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.6
osv	org.apache.tomcat.embed	tomcat-embed-core	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.6

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apache

tomcat

generic

≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone11 · 11.0.0:milestone12 · 11.0.0:milestone13 · 11.0.0:milestone14 · 11.0.0:milestone15 · 11.0.0:milestone16 · 11.0.0:milestone17 · 11.0.0:milestone18 · 11.0.0:milestone19 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone20 · 11.0.0:milestone21 · 11.0.0:milestone22 · 11.0.0:milestone23 · 11.0.0:milestone24 · 11.0.0:milestone25 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9 · ≥ 11.0.1 and ＜ 11.0.6

osv

org.apache.tomcat

tomcat-coyote

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.6

osv

org.apache.tomcat.embed

tomcat-embed-core

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.76 and ＜ 9.0.104 · ≥ 10.1.10 and ＜ 10.1.40 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.6

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/1eef1dc459c45f1e421d8bd25ef340fc1cc34edc	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/40ae788c2e64d018b4e58cd4210bb96434d0100d	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/75554da2fc5574862510ae6f0d7b3d78937f1d40	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8cc3b8fb3f2d8d4d6a757e014f19d1fafa948a60	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b7674782679e1514a0d154166b1d04d38aaac4a9	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b98e74f517b36929f4208506e5adad22cb767baa	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/cba1a0fe1289ee7f5dd46c61c38d1e1ac5437bff	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/ded0285b96b4d3f5560dfc8856ad5ec4a9b50ba9	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/f619e6a05029538886d5a9d987925d573b5bb8c2	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat	PACKAGE

URL

Timeline

Published	2025-04-28	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2025-04-28

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (5 of 24 rules ran)

5 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification decided it matched Protected by Waratek Found in legacy manual classifications

6 non-java-upstream not reached A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component not reached The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side not reached Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven not reached An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint not reached A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven not reached The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable not reached An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit not reached Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match not reached A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc not reached Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold not reached Medium or Low severity, no CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, no PoC clearing the evidence bar, no CISA verdict, no Oracle advisory

24 no-exploit-published not reached Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

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