`CVE-2025-25193` Netty

Affected software	Netty
Severity	5.5 Medium CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in	`4.1.118.Final`
Weakness	Uncontrolled resource consumption (CWE-400)
Published	10 Feb 2025
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

Netty, an asynchronous, event-driven network application framework, has a vulnerability in versions up to and including 4.1.118.Final. An unsafe reading of environment file could potentially cause a denial of service in Netty. When loaded on an Windows application, Netty attempts to load a file that does not exist. If an attacker creates such a large file, the Netty application crash. A similar issue was previously reported as CVE-2024-47535. This issue was fixed, but the fix was incomplete in that null-bytes were not counted against the input limit. Commit d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386 contains an updated fix.

Exploitation status

Proof of concept only

A proof of concept exists, but no reviewed exploit catalogue lists this CVE.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: poc CISA recorded that an exploit has been demonstrated. Automatable: no, technical impact: partial.
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 0.39% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

A public code fix exists: netty/netty d1fbda6.

Protection none
Action unverified
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all
Finding	This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.
Candidate fix	https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386 : a commit: the change itself

Decided by

Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

Finding

This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

Candidate fix

https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386 : a commit: the change itself

CVSS

5.5 MEDIUM v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 5.5 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H security-advisories@github.com Secondary published

CVSS 3.1 5.5 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H NVD Primary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	5.5	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	security-advisories@github.com	Secondary	published
CVSS 3.1	5.5	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	NVD	Primary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 ↗	CPU	2026-Q4	Oracle GoldenGate / Security (Netty) (19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.16)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2026 ↗	CPU	2026-Q2	Oracle E-Business Suite / ECC Core (Netty) (15.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2026 ↗	CPU	2026-Q1	Oracle Communications / Security (Netty) (15.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q4	Oracle Analytics / Analytics Server (Netty) (7.6.0.0.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q3	Oracle Communications / Platform (Netty) (24.2.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Maintenance (Netty) (14.4.0.0.0-14.7.0.0.0) Oracle GoldenGate / Stream Analytics (Netty) (19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.11) Oracle NoSQL Database / Administration (Netty) (22.3.51, 23.1.38, 24.4.9) Oracle PeopleSoft / Open Search, Logstash (Netty) (8.60, 8.61, 8.62) Oracle Retail Applications / Point of Sale (Netty) (22.0.2, 23.0.2) Oracle Utilities Applications / SW-System Wide (Netty) (2.5.0.1.15, 2.5.0.2.9, 2.6.0.1.7, 2.6.0.2.2)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q2	Oracle Communications / Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Netty) (24.2.0-24.2.4) Oracle Communications / Configuration (Netty) (24.2.2) Oracle Communications / Configuration (Netty) (24.2.3) Oracle Communications / Install (Netty) (24.2.0-24.2.2) Oracle Communications / Install (Netty) (24.2.3, 25.1.100) Oracle Communications / Signaling (Netty) (24.2.3) Oracle Communications Applications / Core (Netty) (6.0-6.1) Oracle Communications Applications / REST (Netty) (12.0.6.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0) Oracle Communications Applications / REST Services Manager (Netty) (12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0) Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0-15.0.1.0.0) Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (7.5.0) Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (8.1.0.26.0) Oracle Communications Applications / Solution Designer (Netty) (8.0.0.4.0, 8.1.0.2.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / IDM Authentication (Netty) (21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / User Interface (Netty) (21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / Third Party (Netty) (12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0) Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database / EM TimesTen plug-in (Netty) (22.1.1.1.0-22.1.1.30.0)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 ↗

CPU

2026-Q4

Oracle GoldenGate / Security (Netty) (19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.16)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2026 ↗

CPU

2026-Q2

Oracle E-Business Suite / ECC Core (Netty) (15.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2026 ↗

CPU

2026-Q1

Oracle Communications / Security (Netty) (15.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q4

Oracle Analytics / Analytics Server (Netty) (7.6.0.0.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q3

Oracle Communications / Platform (Netty) (24.2.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Maintenance (Netty) (14.4.0.0.0-14.7.0.0.0)
Oracle GoldenGate / Stream Analytics (Netty) (19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.11)
Oracle NoSQL Database / Administration (Netty) (22.3.51, 23.1.38, 24.4.9)
Oracle PeopleSoft / Open Search, Logstash (Netty) (8.60, 8.61, 8.62)
Oracle Retail Applications / Point of Sale (Netty) (22.0.2, 23.0.2)
Oracle Utilities Applications / SW-System Wide (Netty) (2.5.0.1.15, 2.5.0.2.9, 2.6.0.1.7, 2.6.0.2.2)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q2

Oracle Communications / Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Netty) (24.2.0-24.2.4)
Oracle Communications / Configuration (Netty) (24.2.2)
Oracle Communications / Configuration (Netty) (24.2.3)
Oracle Communications / Install (Netty) (24.2.0-24.2.2)
Oracle Communications / Install (Netty) (24.2.3, 25.1.100)
Oracle Communications / Signaling (Netty) (24.2.3)
Oracle Communications Applications / Core (Netty) (6.0-6.1)
Oracle Communications Applications / REST (Netty) (12.0.6.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / REST Services Manager (Netty) (12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0-15.0.1.0.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (7.5.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / Security (Netty) (8.1.0.26.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / Solution Designer (Netty) (8.0.0.4.0, 8.1.0.2.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / IDM Authentication (Netty) (21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / User Interface (Netty) (21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / Third Party (Netty) (12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0)
Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database / EM TimesTen plug-in (Netty) (22.1.1.1.0-22.1.1.30.0)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Analytics	Analytics Server (Netty)	7.6.0.0.0	7.6.0.0.0
Oracle Communications	Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Netty)	24.2.0-24.2.4
Oracle Communications	Configuration (Netty)	24.2.2	24.2.2 · 24.2.3
Oracle Communications	Install (Netty)	24.2.0-24.2.2	24.2.3 · 25.1.100
Oracle Communications	Platform (Netty)	24.2.0	24.2.0
Oracle Communications	Security (Netty)	15.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0	15.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0
Oracle Communications	Signaling (Netty)	24.2.3	24.2.3
Oracle Communications Applications	Core (Netty)	6.0-6.1
Oracle Communications Applications	REST (Netty)	12.0.6.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0	12.0.6.0.0 · 15.0.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0.0
Oracle Communications Applications	REST Services Manager (Netty)	12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0	15.0.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0.0
Oracle Communications Applications	Security (Netty)	12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0-15.0.1.0.0	7.5.0 · 8.1.0.26.0
Oracle Communications Applications	Solution Designer (Netty)	8.0.0.4.0, 8.1.0.2.0	8.0.0.4.0 · 8.1.0.2.0
Oracle E-Business Suite	ECC Core (Netty)	15.0	15.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	IDM Authentication (Netty)	21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0	21.1.0.0.0 · 22.1.0.0.0 · 22.2.0.0.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Maintenance (Netty)	14.4.0.0.0-14.7.0.0.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	User Interface (Netty)	21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0	21.1.0.0.0 · 22.1.0.0.0 · 22.2.0.0.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Third Party (Netty)	12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0	12.2.1.4.0 · 14.1.1.0.0 · 14.1.2.0.0
Oracle GoldenGate	Security (Netty)	19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.16
Oracle GoldenGate	Stream Analytics (Netty)	19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.11
Oracle NoSQL Database	Administration (Netty)	22.3.51, 23.1.38, 24.4.9	22.3.51 · 23.1.38 · 24.4.9
Oracle PeopleSoft	Open Search, Logstash (Netty)	8.60, 8.61, 8.62	8.60 · 8.61 · 8.62
Oracle Retail Applications	Point of Sale (Netty)	22.0.2, 23.0.2	22.0.2 · 23.0.2
Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database	EM TimesTen plug-in (Netty)	22.1.1.1.0-22.1.1.30.0
Oracle Utilities Applications	SW-System Wide (Netty)	2.5.0.1.15, 2.5.0.2.9, 2.6.0.1.7, 2.6.0.2.2	2.5.0.1.15 · 2.5.0.2.9 · 2.6.0.1.7 · 2.6.0.2.2

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Analytics

Analytics Server (Netty)

7.6.0.0.0

Oracle Communications

Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Netty)

24.2.0-24.2.4

Oracle Communications

Configuration (Netty)

24.2.2

24.2.2 · 24.2.3

Oracle Communications

Install (Netty)

24.2.0-24.2.2

24.2.3 · 25.1.100

Oracle Communications

Platform (Netty)

24.2.0

Oracle Communications

Security (Netty)

15.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0

15.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0

Oracle Communications

Signaling (Netty)

24.2.3

Oracle Communications Applications

Core (Netty)

6.0-6.1

Oracle Communications Applications

REST (Netty)

12.0.6.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0

12.0.6.0.0 · 15.0.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0.0

Oracle Communications Applications

REST Services Manager (Netty)

12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0, 15.0.1.0.0

15.0.0.0.0 · 15.0.1.0.0

Oracle Communications Applications

Security (Netty)

12.0.0.4.0-12.0.0.8.0, 15.0.0.0.0-15.0.1.0.0

7.5.0 · 8.1.0.26.0

Oracle Communications Applications

Solution Designer (Netty)

8.0.0.4.0, 8.1.0.2.0

8.0.0.4.0 · 8.1.0.2.0

Oracle E-Business Suite

ECC Core (Netty)

15.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

IDM Authentication (Netty)

21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0

21.1.0.0.0 · 22.1.0.0.0 · 22.2.0.0.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Maintenance (Netty)

14.4.0.0.0-14.7.0.0.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

User Interface (Netty)

21.1.0.0.0, 22.1.0.0.0, 22.2.0.0.0

21.1.0.0.0 · 22.1.0.0.0 · 22.2.0.0.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Third Party (Netty)

12.2.1.4.0, 14.1.1.0.0, 14.1.2.0.0

12.2.1.4.0 · 14.1.1.0.0 · 14.1.2.0.0

Oracle GoldenGate

Security (Netty)

19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.16

Oracle GoldenGate

Stream Analytics (Netty)

19.1.0.0.0-19.1.0.0.11

Oracle NoSQL Database

Administration (Netty)

22.3.51, 23.1.38, 24.4.9

22.3.51 · 23.1.38 · 24.4.9

Oracle PeopleSoft

Open Search, Logstash (Netty)

8.60, 8.61, 8.62

8.60 · 8.61 · 8.62

Oracle Retail Applications

Point of Sale (Netty)

22.0.2, 23.0.2

22.0.2 · 23.0.2

Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database

EM TimesTen plug-in (Netty)

22.1.1.1.0-22.1.1.30.0

Oracle Utilities Applications

SW-System Wide (Netty)

2.5.0.1.15, 2.5.0.2.9, 2.6.0.1.7, 2.6.0.2.2

2.5.0.1.15 · 2.5.0.2.9 · 2.6.0.1.7 · 2.6.0.2.2

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

io.netty:netty-common 0 4.1.118.Final unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`io.netty:netty-common`	0	`4.1.118.Final`	unbounded

Products and versions

2 products, 2 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
osv	io.netty	netty-common	generic	＜ 4.1.118
nvd	netty	netty	generic	＜ 4.1.118

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

osv

io.netty

netty-common

generic

＜ 4.1.118

nvd

netty

generic

＜ 4.1.118

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386	commit
https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-389x-839f-4rhx	WEB
https://github.com/netty/netty	PACKAGE
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006	WEB
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250221-0006/	Third Party Advisory

URL

Timeline

Published	2025-02-10	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2025-02-10

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (17 of 24 rules ran)

17 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven matched In scope Maven packages: io.netty:netty-common

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint matched Mitigation candidate References include candidate fix URL (commit tier): https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/d1fbda62d3a47835d3fb35db8bd42ecc205a5386

18 open-source-maven skipped The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit skipped Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match no match A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc skipped Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold withheld CVE ships in Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026, Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2026, Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2026, Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2025, Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025, Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 (CPU) — Oracle treats it as urgent, so severity does not settle it

24 no-exploit-published decided it matched No exploit published No exploit code has been published, and an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds.

Products the scope rules checked

The products this CVE's record names, and whether VRT tracks each one. The scope rules decided on these.

Vendor Product Tracked CPE Source

netty netty tracked cpe:2.3:a:netty:netty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

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