CVE-2025-24813 Apache Tomcat
| Affected software | Apache Tomcat |
|---|---|
| Severity | 10.0 Critical CVSS 3.1 2 scores |
| Fixed in | 11.0.3, 10.1.35, 9.0.99 |
| Weakness | Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502) |
| Published | 10 Mar 2025 |
| Updated | 13 Nov 2026 |
Description
Path Equivalence: 'file.Name' (Internal Dot) leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Information disclosure and/or malicious content added to uploaded files via write enabled Default Servlet in Apache Tomcat. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.2, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.34, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.98. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to view security sensitive files and/or inject content into those files: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - a target URL for security sensitive uploads that was a sub-directory of a target URL for public uploads - attacker knowledge of the names of security sensitive files being uploaded - the security sensitive files also being uploaded via partial PUT If all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to perform remote code execution: - writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default) - support for partial PUT (enabled by default) - application was using Tomcat's file based session persistence with the default storage location - application included a library that may be leveraged in a deserialization attack Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.3, 10.1.35 or 9.0.99, which fixes the issue.
CWE-44CWE-706
Exploitation status
Exploited
Confirmed real-world exploitation.
Exploitation status
- CISA KEV listed Confirmed exploitation in the wild. Added 2025-04-01 · remediation due 2025-04-22 · ransomware use: unknown
- VulnCheck KEV listed Exploitation reported in the wild. 22 citations · honeypot sightings · 46 exploits · earliest 2025-03-14.
- CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: active CISA records active exploitation. Automatable: no, technical impact: total.
- Indexed PoC 53 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in Exploit-DB, GitHub PoC, Metasploit, Nuclei; first seen 2025-03-13.
- EPSS 99.9% chance in 30 days A model's forecast, not a report of exploitation. Higher than 99.9% of all scored CVEs.
VulnCheck KEV
Exploitation evidence from VulnCheck Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (VulnCheck KEV), used under VulnCheck's community terms. View CVE-2025-24813 in VulnCheck (free account), which lists 17 more citations and 41 more exploit references not shown here.
| Evidence | Source | Detail | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Honeypot sighting | Shadowserver honeypots | Exploitation attempts seen on 105 days | 2025-03-14 to 2026-11-12 |
| Honeypot sighting | VulnCheck canaries | Exploitation attempts seen on 1 day | 2026-07-01 |
| Reported exploitation | lab.wallarm.com | /one-put-request-to-own-tomcat-cve-2025-24813-rce-is-in-the-wild | 2025-03-14 |
| Reported exploitation | digital.nhs.uk | /cyber-alerts/2025/cc-4633 | 2025-03-17 |
| Reported exploitation | akamai.com | /blog/security-research/march-apache-tomcat-path-equivalence-traffic-detections-mitigations | 2025-03-20 |
| Reported exploitation | greynoise.io | /blog/active-exploitation-critical-apache-tomcat-rce-vulnerability-cve-2025-24813 | 2025-03-20 |
| Reported exploitation | imperva.com | /blog/imperva-protects-against-apache-tomcat-deserialization-vulnerability | 2025-03-20 |
| Exploit reference | VulnCheck XDB 438c59eda6a1 | Exploit type: initial-access | 2025-03-13 |
| Exploit reference | VulnCheck XDB 2e3eea69a36d | Exploit type: initial-access | 2025-03-14 |
| Exploit reference | VulnCheck XDB 8229a5ce661e | Exploit type: initial-access | 2025-03-14 |
| Exploit reference | VulnCheck XDB 930571969654 | Exploit type: initial-access | 2025-03-14 |
| Exploit reference | VulnCheck XDB f95cb1d5b6af | Exploit type: initial-access | 2025-03-14 |
Waratek protection
Waratek has a rule that blocks attacks on this vulnerability.
- Protection full Deserialization, Process
- Action available security rule
- Review human Researcher
- Record active
| Decided by | A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE |
|---|---|
| Finding | A researcher found this CVE protected by the ARMR Marshal RCE rule, ARMR Process rule. |
Waratek research note
written 2026-11-13Written by a Waratek engineer who reviewed this CVE. Their decision sets the status above, ahead of every automated rule except a withdrawal.
Comments
Rule Name: ARMR Marshal RCE rule, ARMR Process rule
Similar to CVE-2017-12615/12617 because it is based on Tomcat PUT/write issues, but here the sink is session deserialization, not JSP upload.
Requires Default servlet to be configured readonly=false, partial PUT enabled, and file-based session persistence; default Tomcat installs are not affected.
How to mitigate CVE-2025-24813
Upgrade Apache Tomcat to a release that fixes it: 11.0.3, 10.1.35 or 9.0.99. Until you can, Waratek RASP blocks exploitation with its deserialization and process rules. It runs inside the Java application, with no code changes.
CVSS
10.0 CRITICAL
v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
2 metrics
CVSS
10.0 CRITICAL v3.1CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
2 metrics
We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.
| Version | Score | Band | Vector | Assigner | Type | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVSS 3.1 | 10.0 | CRITICAL | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H |
CISA-ADP | Secondary | published |
| CVSS 3.1 | 9.8 | CRITICAL | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
NVD | Primary |
Affected software and releases
Oracle advisories
| Advisory | Type | Quarter | Products Oracle names in its risk matrix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2026 ↗ | CPU | 2026-Q4 | Oracle Communications / Microservices (Apache Tomcat) (7.0.0) |
| Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2025 ↗ | CPU | 2025-Q3 | Oracle Hospitality Applications / Next-Gen SPMS (Apache Tomcat) (23.1.4, 23.2.2) Oracle Siebel CRM / Application Interface (Apache Tomcat) (25.0-25.5) |
| Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗ | CPU | 2025-Q2 | Oracle Commerce / Content Acquisition System (Apache Tomcat) (11.3.2, 11.4.0) Oracle Communications / Configuration Management Platform (Apache Tomcat) (15.0.0.0.0) Oracle Communications / Internal Tools (Apache Tomcat) (9.1.1.9) Oracle Communications / Web UI (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.3) Oracle Communications / Web UI (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.3) Oracle Communications Applications / Core (Apache Tomcat) (6.0-6.1) |
Oracle components and versions
| Family | Component | Versions, as Oracle lists them | Read as |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle Commerce | Content Acquisition System (Apache Tomcat) | 11.3.2, 11.4.0 | 11.3.2 · 11.4.0 |
| Oracle Communications | Configuration Management Platform (Apache Tomcat) | 15.0.0.0.0 | 15.0.0.0.0 |
| Oracle Communications | Internal Tools (Apache Tomcat) | 9.1.1.9 | 9.1.1.9 |
| Oracle Communications | Microservices (Apache Tomcat) | 7.0.0 | 7.0.0 |
| Oracle Communications | Web UI (Apache Tomcat) | 9.0.0-9.0.3 | |
| Oracle Communications Applications | Core (Apache Tomcat) | 6.0-6.1 | |
| Oracle Hospitality Applications | Next-Gen SPMS (Apache Tomcat) | 23.1.4, 23.2.2 | 23.1.4 · 23.2.2 |
| Oracle Siebel CRM | Application Interface (Apache Tomcat) | 25.0-25.5 |
Maven packages
Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev| Package | Introduced | Fixed | Last affected |
|---|---|---|---|
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina |
11.0.0-M1 | 11.0.3 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina |
10.1.0-M1 | 10.1.35 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina |
9.0.0.M1 | 9.0.99 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
11.0.0-M1 | 11.0.3 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
10.1.0-M1 | 10.1.35 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
9.0.0.M1 | 9.0.99 |
unbounded |
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina |
8.5.0 | none | 8.5.100 |
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core |
8.5.0 | none | 8.5.100 |
Products and versions
5 products, 58 version entries| Source | Vendor | Product | Scheme | Affected versions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nvd | apache | tomcat | generic | < 9.0.99 · 10.1.0:milestone1 · 10.1.0:milestone10 · 10.1.0:milestone11 · 10.1.0:milestone12 · 10.1.0:milestone13 · 10.1.0:milestone14 · 10.1.0:milestone15 · 10.1.0:milestone16 · 10.1.0:milestone17 · 10.1.0:milestone18 · 10.1.0:milestone19 · 10.1.0:milestone2 · 10.1.0:milestone20 · 10.1.0:milestone3 · 10.1.0:milestone4 · 10.1.0:milestone5 · 10.1.0:milestone6 · 10.1.0:milestone7 · 10.1.0:milestone8 · 10.1.0:milestone9 · ≥ 10.1.1 and < 10.1.35 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone11 · 11.0.0:milestone12 · 11.0.0:milestone13 · 11.0.0:milestone14 · 11.0.0:milestone15 · 11.0.0:milestone16 · 11.0.0:milestone17 · 11.0.0:milestone18 · 11.0.0:milestone19 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone20 · 11.0.0:milestone21 · 11.0.0:milestone22 · 11.0.0:milestone23 · 11.0.0:milestone24 · 11.0.0:milestone25 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9 · ≥ 11.0.1 and < 11.0.3 |
| nvd | debian | debian linux | generic | 11.0 |
| nvd | netapp | bootstrap os | generic | any version |
| osv | org.apache.tomcat | tomcat-catalina | generic | ≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.0 and < 9.0.99 · ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.35 · ≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.0.3 |
| osv | org.apache.tomcat.embed | tomcat-embed-core | generic | ≥ 8.5.0 and ≤ 8.5.100 · ≥ 9.0.0 and < 9.0.99 · ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.35 · ≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.0.3 |
References
Timeline
Timeline
| Published | 2025-03-10 | By the CVE Program. |
|---|---|---|
| VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence | 2025-03-14 | Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE. |
| Added to CISA KEV | 2025-04-01 | Listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. |
| NVD record modified | 2026-06-17 | NVD's own last-modified date for this record. |
| VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence | 2026-11-12 | Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record. |
| Classification created | 2026-11-13 | First commit adding this CVE's research note. |
| Last VRT activity | 2026-11-13 | Most recent commit touching this CVE's classification, patch or rule file. |