`CVE-2023-46589` Apache Tomcat

Affected software	Apache Tomcat
Severity	7.5 High CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in	`11.0.0-M11`, `10.1.16`, `9.0.83`, `8.5.96`
Weakness	Improper input validation (CWE-20)
Published	28 Nov 2023
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.

CWE-444

Exploitation status

No public exploit

No exploit has been reported in the sources we check. Published 2 years ago.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 2.7% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

A public code fix exists: apache/tomcat 6f181e1.

Protection none
Action unverified
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all
Finding	This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

Decided by

Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

Finding

This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

CVSS

7.5 HIGH v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N NVD Primary published

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N CISA-ADP Secondary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`	CISA-ADP	Secondary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q2	Oracle Retail Applications / Xenvironment (Apache Tomcat) (19.0.6, 20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1)
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2024 ↗	CPU	2024-Q3	Oracle Analytics / Analytics Visualization (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 7.8.0) Oracle Communications / Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.4) Oracle Siebel CRM / EAI, UI (Apache Tomcat) (24.2 and prior) Oracle Supply Chain / Installation (Apache Tomcat) (6.2.1.0-6.2.1.9)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗	CPU	2024-Q2	Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph / Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat) (3.0.5) Oracle Communications / BEServer (Apache Tomcat) (24.1.0.0.0) Oracle Communications / General (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.2) Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.1) Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.2) Oracle Communications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.2) Oracle Communications / Third Party (Apache Tomcat) (24.1.0) Oracle Communications / User Interface (Apache Tomcat) (9.1.1.7.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Basic Config/Maintenances (Apache Tomcat) (14.5.0.0.0, 14.6.0.0.0, 14.7.0.0.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0) Oracle Supply Chain / Security (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6)
Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2024 ↗	CPU	2024-Q1	Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph / Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat) (3.0.4) Oracle Commerce / Content Acquisition System, Platform Service, Workbench (Apache Tomcat) (11.3.2) Oracle Communications / CMP (Apache Tomcat) (12.6.1.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0) Oracle Graph Server and Client / Packaging (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 22.4.6, Prior to 23.4.0) Oracle MySQL / Monitoring: General (Apache Tomcat) (8.0.36 and prior)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q2

Oracle Retail Applications / Xenvironment (Apache Tomcat) (19.0.6, 20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1)

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2024 ↗

CPU

2024-Q3

Oracle Analytics / Analytics Visualization (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 7.8.0)
Oracle Communications / Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.4)
Oracle Siebel CRM / EAI, UI (Apache Tomcat) (24.2 and prior)
Oracle Supply Chain / Installation (Apache Tomcat) (6.2.1.0-6.2.1.9)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗

CPU

2024-Q2

Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph / Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat) (3.0.5)
Oracle Communications / BEServer (Apache Tomcat) (24.1.0.0.0)
Oracle Communications / General (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.2)
Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.1)
Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (23.4.0-23.4.2)
Oracle Communications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (9.0.0-9.0.2)
Oracle Communications / Third Party (Apache Tomcat) (24.1.0)
Oracle Communications / User Interface (Apache Tomcat) (9.1.1.7.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Basic Config/Maintenances (Apache Tomcat) (14.5.0.0.0, 14.6.0.0.0, 14.7.0.0.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Supply Chain / Security (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6)

Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2024 ↗

CPU

2024-Q1

Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph / Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat) (3.0.4)
Oracle Commerce / Content Acquisition System, Platform Service, Workbench (Apache Tomcat) (11.3.2)
Oracle Communications / CMP (Apache Tomcat) (12.6.1.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0)
Oracle Graph Server and Client / Packaging (Apache Tomcat) (Prior to 22.4.6, Prior to 23.4.0)
Oracle MySQL / Monitoring: General (Apache Tomcat) (8.0.36 and prior)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Analytics	Analytics Visualization (Apache Tomcat)	Prior to 7.8.0
Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph	Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat)	3.0.4	3.0.4 · 3.0.5
Oracle Commerce	Content Acquisition System, Platform Service, Workbench (Apache Tomcat)	11.3.2	11.3.2
Oracle Communications	Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Apache Tomcat)	23.4.0-23.4.4
Oracle Communications	BEServer (Apache Tomcat)	24.1.0.0.0	24.1.0.0.0
Oracle Communications	CMP (Apache Tomcat)	12.6.1.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0	12.6.1.0.0 · 15.0.0.0.0
Oracle Communications	General (Apache Tomcat)	9.0.0-9.0.2
Oracle Communications	Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat)	23.4.0-23.4.1
Oracle Communications	Security (Apache Tomcat)	9.0.0-9.0.2
Oracle Communications	Third Party (Apache Tomcat)	24.1.0	24.1.0
Oracle Communications	User Interface (Apache Tomcat)	9.1.1.7.0	9.1.1.7.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Basic Config/Maintenances (Apache Tomcat)	14.5.0.0.0, 14.6.0.0.0, 14.7.0.0.0	14.5.0.0.0 · 14.6.0.0.0 · 14.7.0.0.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)	12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Graph Server and Client	Packaging (Apache Tomcat)	Prior to 22.4.6, Prior to 23.4.0
Oracle MySQL	Monitoring: General (Apache Tomcat)	8.0.36 and prior
Oracle Retail Applications	Xenvironment (Apache Tomcat)	19.0.6, 20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1	19.0.6 · 20.0.5 · 21.0.4 · 22.0.2 · 23.0.2 · 24.0.1
Oracle Siebel CRM	EAI, UI (Apache Tomcat)	24.2 and prior
Oracle Supply Chain	Installation (Apache Tomcat)	6.2.1.0-6.2.1.9
Oracle Supply Chain	Security (Apache Tomcat)	9.3.6	9.3.6

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Analytics

Analytics Visualization (Apache Tomcat)

Prior to 7.8.0

Oracle Big Data Spatial and Graph

Big Data Graph (Apache Tomcat)

3.0.4

3.0.4 · 3.0.5

Oracle Commerce

Content Acquisition System, Platform Service, Workbench (Apache Tomcat)

11.3.2

Oracle Communications

Alarms, KPI, and Measurements (Apache Tomcat)

23.4.0-23.4.4

Oracle Communications

BEServer (Apache Tomcat)

24.1.0.0.0

Oracle Communications

CMP (Apache Tomcat)

12.6.1.0.0, 15.0.0.0.0

12.6.1.0.0 · 15.0.0.0.0

Oracle Communications

General (Apache Tomcat)

9.0.0-9.0.2

Oracle Communications

Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat)

23.4.0-23.4.1

Oracle Communications

Security (Apache Tomcat)

9.0.0-9.0.2

Oracle Communications

Third Party (Apache Tomcat)

24.1.0

Oracle Communications

User Interface (Apache Tomcat)

9.1.1.7.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Basic Config/Maintenances (Apache Tomcat)

14.5.0.0.0, 14.6.0.0.0, 14.7.0.0.0

14.5.0.0.0 · 14.6.0.0.0 · 14.7.0.0.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)

12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Graph Server and Client

Packaging (Apache Tomcat)

Prior to 22.4.6, Prior to 23.4.0

Oracle MySQL

Monitoring: General (Apache Tomcat)

8.0.36 and prior

Oracle Retail Applications

Xenvironment (Apache Tomcat)

19.0.6, 20.0.5, 21.0.4, 22.0.2, 23.0.2, 24.0.1

19.0.6 · 20.0.5 · 21.0.4 · 22.0.2 · 23.0.2 · 24.0.1

Oracle Siebel CRM

EAI, UI (Apache Tomcat)

24.2 and prior

Oracle Supply Chain

Installation (Apache Tomcat)

6.2.1.0-6.2.1.9

Oracle Supply Chain

Security (Apache Tomcat)

9.3.6

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M11 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 10.1.0-M1 10.1.16 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 9.0.0-M1 9.0.83 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 8.5.0 8.5.96 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M11 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.0-M1 10.1.16 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 9.0.0-M1 9.0.83 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 8.5.0 8.5.96 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M11 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	11.0.0-M1	`11.0.0-M11`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	10.1.0-M1	`10.1.16`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	9.0.0-M1	`9.0.83`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	8.5.0	`8.5.96`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	11.0.0-M1	`11.0.0-M11`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	10.1.0-M1	`10.1.16`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	9.0.0-M1	`9.0.83`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core`	8.5.0	`8.5.96`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote`	11.0.0-M1	`11.0.0-M11`	unbounded

Products and versions

4 products, 22 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apache	tomcat	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9
osv	org.apache.tomcat	tomcat-catalina	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0
osv	org.apache.tomcat	tomcat-coyote	generic	≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0
osv	org.apache.tomcat.embed	tomcat-embed-core	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apache

tomcat

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9

osv

org.apache.tomcat

tomcat-catalina

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

osv

org.apache.tomcat

tomcat-coyote

generic

≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

osv

org.apache.tomcat.embed

tomcat-embed-core

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.96 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.83 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.16 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/6f181e1062a472bc5f0234980f66cbde42c1041b	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/7a2d8818fcea0b51747a67af9510ce7977245ebd	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/aa92971e879a519384c517febc39fd04c48d4642	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/b5776d769bffeade865061bc8ecbeb2b56167b08	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat	PACKAGE
https://lists.apache.org/thread/0rqq6ktozqc42ro8hhxdmmdjm1k1tpxr	WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/01/msg00001.html	WEB
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231214-0009	WEB
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html	WEB
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html	WEB

URL

Timeline

Published	2023-11-28	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2023-11-28

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (17 of 24 rules ran)

17 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven matched In scope Maven packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint no match A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven matched Mitigation candidate Open-source Maven artifact indexed by OSV (Maven packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote). The source is public, which makes an ARMR patch rule a candidate; nothing here establishes that one can be written.

19 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit skipped Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match no match A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc skipped Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold no match Severity is HIGH — only MEDIUM/LOW are deprioritized

24 no-exploit-published decided it matched No exploit published No exploit code has been published, and an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds.

Products the scope rules checked

The products this CVE's record names, and whether VRT tracks each one. The scope rules decided on these.

Vendor Product Tracked CPE Source

apache tomcat tracked cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

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