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CVE-2023-45648 Apache Tomcat

Affected softwareApache Tomcat
Severity5.3 Medium CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in11.0.0-M12, 10.1.14, 9.0.81, 8.5.94
WeaknessImproper input validation (CWE-20)
Published10 Oct 2023
Updated17 Jun 2026

Description

Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M11, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.13, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.81 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.93 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A specially crafted, invalid trailer header could cause Tomcat to treat a single request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request smuggling when behind a reverse proxy. Older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M12 onwards, 10.1.14 onwards, 9.0.81 onwards or 8.5.94 onwards, which fix the issue.

Exploitation status

Working exploit published

A reviewed exploit catalogue lists ready-to-run exploit code for this CVE.

  • CISA KEV not listed
  • VulnCheck KEV not listed
  • CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
  • Indexed PoC 1 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in Nuclei.
  • EPSS 5.9% chance in 30 days
IndexArtifactStarsFirst seen
Nuclei Apache Tomcat - HTTP Request Smuggling

Waratek protection

Mitigation candidate

A kind of vulnerability Waratek's rules address, with exploit code published or exploitation reported. No rule exists and none is planned yet. The decision below says what we found to build a rule from.

  • Protection none
  • Action unverified
  • Review automated Inferred
  • Record active
Decided by The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read
Finding This CVE affects an open-source Java library published on Maven Central (Maven packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat, org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core, org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote), so it is squarely in ARMR's territory and the source needed to understand the defect is public. That makes it a candidate for an ARMR patch rule. No rule exists and none is scheduled: the diff between the affected and fixed versions has not been read, and a closer look may find no hook point ARMR can act on.

CVSS

5.3 MEDIUM v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

VersionScoreBandVectorAssignerType
CVSS 3.1 5.3 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N NVD Primary published
CVSS 3.1 5.3 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N CISA-ADP Secondary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

AdvisoryTypeQuarterProducts Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗ CPU 2025-Q2 Oracle Autonomous Health Framework / Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat) (23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update January 2024 ↗ CPU 2024-Q1 Oracle Communications / Platform (Apache Tomcat) (8.6.0.0)
Oracle Communications Applications / PSR Designer (Apache Tomcat) (7.4.2.8.0)

Oracle components and versions

FamilyComponentVersions, as Oracle lists themRead as
Oracle Autonomous Health Framework Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat) 23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0 25.1.0 · 25.2.0
Oracle Communications Platform (Apache Tomcat) 8.6.0.0 8.6.0.0
Oracle Communications Applications PSR Designer (Apache Tomcat) 7.4.2.8.0 7.4.2.8.0

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev
PackageIntroducedFixedLast affected
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M12 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat 10.1.0-M1 10.1.14 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat 9.0.0-M1 9.0.81 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat 8.5.0 8.5.94 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M12 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 10.1.0-M1 10.1.14 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 9.0.0-M1 9.0.81 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core 8.5.0 8.5.94 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M12 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 10.1.0-M1 10.1.14 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 9.0.0-M1 9.0.81 unbounded
org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-coyote 8.5.0 8.5.94 unbounded

Products and versions

5 products, 76 version entries
SourceVendorProductSchemeAffected versions
nvd apache tomcat generic ≥ 8.5.0 and < 8.5.94 · 9.0.0:milestone1 · 9.0.0:milestone10 · 9.0.0:milestone11 · 9.0.0:milestone12 · 9.0.0:milestone13 · 9.0.0:milestone14 · 9.0.0:milestone15 · 9.0.0:milestone16 · 9.0.0:milestone17 · 9.0.0:milestone18 · 9.0.0:milestone19 · 9.0.0:milestone2 · 9.0.0:milestone20 · 9.0.0:milestone21 · 9.0.0:milestone22 · 9.0.0:milestone23 · 9.0.0:milestone24 · 9.0.0:milestone25 · 9.0.0:milestone26 · 9.0.0:milestone27 · 9.0.0:milestone3 · 9.0.0:milestone4 · 9.0.0:milestone5 · 9.0.0:milestone6 · 9.0.0:milestone7 · 9.0.0:milestone8 · 9.0.0:milestone9 · ≥ 9.0.1 and < 9.0.81 · 10.1.0:milestone1 · 10.1.0:milestone10 · 10.1.0:milestone11 · 10.1.0:milestone12 · 10.1.0:milestone13 · 10.1.0:milestone14 · 10.1.0:milestone15 · 10.1.0:milestone16 · 10.1.0:milestone17 · 10.1.0:milestone18 · 10.1.0:milestone19 · 10.1.0:milestone2 · 10.1.0:milestone20 · 10.1.0:milestone3 · 10.1.0:milestone4 · 10.1.0:milestone5 · 10.1.0:milestone6 · 10.1.0:milestone7 · 10.1.0:milestone8 · 10.1.0:milestone9 · ≥ 10.1.1 and < 10.1.14 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone10 · 11.0.0:milestone11 · 11.0.0:milestone2 · 11.0.0:milestone3 · 11.0.0:milestone4 · 11.0.0:milestone5 · 11.0.0:milestone6 · 11.0.0:milestone7 · 11.0.0:milestone8 · 11.0.0:milestone9
nvd debian debian linux generic 10.0 · 11.0 · 12.0
osv org.apache.tomcat tomcat generic ≥ 8.5.0 and < 8.5.94 · ≥ 9.0.0 and < 9.0.81 · ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14 · ≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.0.0
osv org.apache.tomcat tomcat-coyote generic ≥ 8.5.0 and < 8.5.94 · ≥ 9.0.0 and < 9.0.81 · ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14 · ≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.0.0
osv org.apache.tomcat.embed tomcat-embed-core generic ≥ 8.5.0 and < 8.5.94 · ≥ 9.0.0 and < 9.0.81 · ≥ 10.1.0 and < 10.1.14 · ≥ 11.0.0 and < 11.0.0

References

URLTags
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/59583245639d8c42ae0009f4a4a70464d3ea70a0 WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/8ecff306507be8e4fd3adee1ae5de1ea6661a8f4 WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/c83fe47725f7ae9ae213568d9039171124fb7ec6 WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/eb5c094e5560764cda436362254997511a3ca1f6 WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat PACKAGE
https://lists.apache.org/thread/2pv8yz1pyp088tsxfb7ogltk9msk0jdp WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00020.html WEB
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231103-0007 WEB
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5521 WEB
https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5522 WEB

Timeline

Published2023-10-10By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified2026-06-17NVD's own last-modified date for this record.