`CVE-2023-41993`

Affected software	10 products, listed below
Severity	8.8 High CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Weakness	CWE-754
Published	21 Sep 2023
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. Processing web content may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited against versions of iOS before iOS 16.7.

Exploitation status

Exploited

Confirmed real-world exploitation.

CISA KEV listed Confirmed exploitation in the wild. Added 2023-09-25 · remediation due 2023-10-16 · ransomware use: unknown
VulnCheck KEV listed Exploitation reported in the wild. 20 citations · 4 exploits · earliest 2023-09-12.
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: active CISA records active exploitation. Automatable: no, technical impact: total.
Indexed PoC 4 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in GitHub PoC; first seen 2023-10-15.
EPSS 24% chance in 30 days A model's forecast, not a report of exploitation. Higher than 98% of all scored CVEs.

VulnCheck KEV

Exploitation evidence from VulnCheck Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (VulnCheck KEV), used under VulnCheck's community terms. View CVE-2023-41993 in VulnCheck (free account), which lists 15 more citations not shown here.

Evidence	Source	Detail	Date
Reported exploitation	docs.google.com	/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit	2023-09-12
Reported exploitation	support.apple.com	/kb/HT213926	2023-09-21
Reported exploitation	support.apple.com	/kb/HT213927	2023-09-21
Reported exploitation	support.apple.com	/kb/HT213930	2023-09-21
Reported exploitation	blog.google	/threat-analysis-group/0-days-exploited-by-commercial-surveillance-vendor-in-egypt	2023-09-22
Exploit reference	VulnCheck XDB a1262876e3e8	Exploit type: client-side	2023-10-15
Exploit reference	VulnCheck XDB 8065f39b344f	Exploit type: client-side	2024-02-28
Exploit reference	VulnCheck XDB 7b279092940a	Exploit type: client-side	2024-10-21
Exploit reference	VulnCheck XDB 87f86676e025	Exploit type: client-side	2024-10-22

Evidence

Source

Detail

Date

Reported exploitation

docs.google.com

/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit

2023-09-12

Reported exploitation

support.apple.com

/kb/HT213926

2023-09-21

Reported exploitation

support.apple.com

/kb/HT213927

2023-09-21

Reported exploitation

support.apple.com

/kb/HT213930

2023-09-21

Reported exploitation

blog.google

/threat-analysis-group/0-days-exploited-by-commercial-surveillance-vendor-in-egypt

2023-09-22

Exploit reference

VulnCheck XDB a1262876e3e8

Exploit type: client-side

2023-10-15

Exploit reference

VulnCheck XDB 8065f39b344f

Exploit type: client-side

2024-02-28

Exploit reference

VulnCheck XDB 7b279092940a

Exploit type: client-side

2024-10-21

Exploit reference

VulnCheck XDB 87f86676e025

Exploit type: client-side

2024-10-22

1 of these are GitHub repositories with fewer than 5 stars. They are listed for reference and don't count toward the exploitation status above.

Index	Artifact	Stars	First seen
GitHub PoC	po6ix/POC-for-CVE-2023-41993	203	2023-10-15
GitHub PoC	testing poc	16	2023-10-16
GitHub PoC	CVE-2023-41993	6	2023-10-16
GitHub PoC	JSC DFG CSE offset-key bug, GetterSetter leak - PoC + exploit		2026-10-14

Waratek protection

Outside Waratek scope

A Java vulnerability, but not one Waratek protects. It affects only Java on a user's desktop (applets, Web Start, JavaFX, the installer), sits in a product the Waratek agent can't be installed into, or is in a package we don't expect in business applications. The decision below says which.

Protection none
Action not pursued none
Review human Researcher
Record active

Decided by	Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset
Finding	A manual classification set this CVE's status to Outside Waratek scope, but the CVE names a tracked product.

Decided by

Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

Finding

A manual classification set this CVE's status to Outside Waratek scope, but the CVE names a tracked product.

CVSS

8.8 HIGH v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 8.8 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H NVD Primary published

CVSS 3.1 8.8 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H CISA-ADP Secondary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	8.8	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 3.1	8.8	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`	CISA-ADP	Secondary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗	CPU	2024-Q2	Oracle Java SE / JavaFX (WebKitGTK) (Oracle Java SE: 8u401; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.13, 21.3.9) Oracle's note: This vulnerability applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. This vulnerability does not apply to Java deployments, typically in servers, that load and run only trusted code (e.g., code installed by an administrator).

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗

CPU

2024-Q2

Oracle Java SE / JavaFX (WebKitGTK) (Oracle Java SE: 8u401; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.13, 21.3.9)
Oracle's note: This vulnerability applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. This vulnerability does not apply to Java deployments, typically in servers, that load and run only trusted code (e.g., code installed by an administrator).

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Java SE	JavaFX (WebKitGTK)	Oracle Java SE: 8u401; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.13, 21.3.9	8.0.401.0 · 20.3.13.0 · 21.3.9.0

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Java SE

JavaFX (WebKitGTK)

Oracle Java SE: 8u401; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 20.3.13, 21.3.9

8.0.401.0 · 20.3.13.0 · 21.3.9.0

Products and versions

14 products, 18 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apple	ipados	generic	＜ 17.0.1
nvd	apple	iphone os	generic	＜ 17.0.1
nvd	apple	macos	generic	＜ 14.0
nvd	debian	debian linux	generic	11.0 · 12.0
nvd	fedoraproject	fedora	generic	37 · 38 · 39
nvd	netapp	active iq unified manager	generic	any version
nvd	netapp	cloud insights acquisition unit	generic	any version
nvd	netapp	cloud insights storage workload security agent	generic	any version
nvd	netapp	oncommand insight	generic	any version
nvd	netapp	oncommand workflow automation	generic	any version
nvd	oracle	graalvm	javase	20.3.13 · 21.3.9
nvd	oracle	jdk	javase	1.8.0:update401
nvd	oracle	jre	javase	1.8.0:update401
nvd	webkitgtk	webkitgtk\+	generic	＜ 2.42.2

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apple

ipados

generic

＜ 17.0.1

nvd

apple

iphone os

generic

＜ 17.0.1

nvd

apple

macos

generic

＜ 14.0

nvd

debian

debian linux

generic

11.0 · 12.0

nvd

fedoraproject

fedora

generic

37 · 38 · 39

nvd

netapp

active iq unified manager

generic

any version

nvd

netapp

cloud insights acquisition unit

generic

any version

nvd

netapp

cloud insights storage workload security agent

generic

any version

nvd

netapp

oncommand insight

generic

any version

nvd

netapp

oncommand workflow automation

generic

any version

nvd

oracle

graalvm

javase

20.3.13 · 21.3.9

nvd

oracle

jdk

javase

1.8.0:update401

nvd

oracle

jre

javase

1.8.0:update401

nvd

webkitgtk

webkitgtk\+

generic

＜ 2.42.2

References

URL	Tags
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213926, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213927, https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213930
https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-33	Third Party Advisory
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240426-0004/	Third Party Advisory
https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213940	Vendor Advisory
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213926	Vendor Advisory
https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213930	Vendor Advisory
https://webkitgtk.org/security/WSA-2023-0009.html	Third Party Advisory
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-41993	US Government Resource

URL

Timeline

VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence	2023-09-12	Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE.
Published	2023-09-21	By the CVE Program.
Added to CISA KEV	2023-09-25	Listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence	2025-12-03	Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence

2023-09-12

Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE.

Published

2023-09-21

By the CVE Program.

Added to CISA KEV

2023-09-25

Listed in CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence

2025-12-03

Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (5 of 24 rules ran)

5 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification decided it matched Outside Waratek scope Found in legacy manual classifications

6 non-java-upstream not reached A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component not reached The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side not reached Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven not reached An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint not reached A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven not reached The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable not reached An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit not reached Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match not reached A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc not reached Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold not reached Medium or Low severity, no CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, no PoC clearing the evidence bar, no CISA verdict, no Oracle advisory

24 no-exploit-published not reached Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

NVD ↗ · CVE.org ↗