`CVE-2023-28708` Apache Tomcat

Affected software	Apache Tomcat
Severity	4.3 Medium CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in	`11.0.0-M3`, `10.1.6`, `9.0.72`, `8.5.86`
Weakness	CWE-523
Published	22 Mar 2023
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

When using the RemoteIpFilter with requests received from a reverse proxy via HTTP that include the X-Forwarded-Proto header set to https, session cookies created by Apache Tomcat 11.0.0-M1 to 11.0.0.-M2, 10.1.0-M1 to 10.1.5, 9.0.0-M1 to 9.0.71 and 8.5.0 to 8.5.85 did not include the secure attribute. This could result in the user agent transmitting the session cookie over an insecure channel. Older, EOL versions may also be affected.

Exploitation status

No public exploit

No exploit has been reported in the sources we check. Published 3 years ago.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: none
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 1.8% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

A public code fix exists: apache/tomcat 3b51230.

Protection none
Action unverified
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all
Finding	This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

Decided by

Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

Finding

This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

CVSS

4.3 MEDIUM v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 4.3 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N NVD Primary published

CVSS 3.1 4.3 MEDIUM CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N CISA-ADP Secondary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	4.3	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 3.1	4.3	MEDIUM	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N`	CISA-ADP	Secondary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗	CPU	2025-Q2	Oracle Autonomous Health Framework / Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat) (23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗	CPU	2024-Q2	Oracle Commerce / Workbench (Apache Tomcat) (11.3.2)
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2023 ↗	CPU	2023-Q4	Oracle Fusion Middleware / MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2023 ↗	CPU	2023-Q3	Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (22.4.0, 23.1.0) Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (22.4.0, 23.1.0) Oracle Communications / Internal tools (Apache Tomcat) (9.1.1.5.0) Oracle Communications / Platform (Apache Tomcat) (8.6.0.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Accessibility (Apache Tomcat) (14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0) Oracle Siebel CRM / EAI (Apache Tomcat) (23.4 and prior) Oracle Supply Chain / Folders, Files and Attachments (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6) Oracle Utilities Applications / Tools (Apache Tomcat) (6.0.0.1-6.0.0.3, 7.0.0.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2023 ↗	CPU	2023-Q2	Oracle Communications / Core (Apache Tomcat) (12.6.0.0.0) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Studio (Apache Tomcat) (8.0.8.3.5)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025 ↗

CPU

2025-Q2

Oracle Autonomous Health Framework / Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat) (23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024 ↗

CPU

2024-Q2

Oracle Commerce / Workbench (Apache Tomcat) (11.3.2)

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2023 ↗

CPU

2023-Q4

Oracle Fusion Middleware / MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat) (12.2.1.4.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2023 ↗

CPU

2023-Q3

Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (22.4.0, 23.1.0)
Oracle Communications / Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat) (22.4.0, 23.1.0)
Oracle Communications / Internal tools (Apache Tomcat) (9.1.1.5.0)
Oracle Communications / Platform (Apache Tomcat) (8.6.0.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Accessibility (Apache Tomcat) (14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Security (Apache Tomcat) (14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0)
Oracle Siebel CRM / EAI (Apache Tomcat) (23.4 and prior)
Oracle Supply Chain / Folders, Files and Attachments (Apache Tomcat) (9.3.6)
Oracle Utilities Applications / Tools (Apache Tomcat) (6.0.0.1-6.0.0.3, 7.0.0.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2023 ↗

CPU

2023-Q2

Oracle Communications / Core (Apache Tomcat) (12.6.0.0.0)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Studio (Apache Tomcat) (8.0.8.3.5)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Autonomous Health Framework	Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat)	23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0	25.1.0 · 25.2.0
Oracle Commerce	Workbench (Apache Tomcat)	11.3.2	11.3.2
Oracle Communications	Core (Apache Tomcat)	12.6.0.0.0	12.6.0.0.0
Oracle Communications	Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat)	22.4.0, 23.1.0	22.4.0 · 23.1.0
Oracle Communications	Internal tools (Apache Tomcat)	9.1.1.5.0	9.1.1.5.0
Oracle Communications	Platform (Apache Tomcat)	8.6.0.0	8.6.0.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Accessibility (Apache Tomcat)	14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0	14.7.0.2.0 · 14.7.1.0.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Security (Apache Tomcat)	14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0	14.7.0.2.0 · 14.7.1.0.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Studio (Apache Tomcat)	8.0.8.3.5	8.0.8.3.5
Oracle Fusion Middleware	MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)	12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Siebel CRM	EAI (Apache Tomcat)	23.4 and prior
Oracle Supply Chain	Folders, Files and Attachments (Apache Tomcat)	9.3.6	9.3.6
Oracle Utilities Applications	Tools (Apache Tomcat)	6.0.0.1-6.0.0.3, 7.0.0.0	7.0.0.0

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Autonomous Health Framework

Trace File Analyzer (Apache Tomcat)

23.8.0-23.11.0, 24.1.0-24.11.0, 25.1.0, 25.2.0

25.1.0 · 25.2.0

Oracle Commerce

Workbench (Apache Tomcat)

11.3.2

Oracle Communications

Core (Apache Tomcat)

12.6.0.0.0

Oracle Communications

Install/Upgrade (Apache Tomcat)

22.4.0, 23.1.0

22.4.0 · 23.1.0

Oracle Communications

Internal tools (Apache Tomcat)

9.1.1.5.0

Oracle Communications

Platform (Apache Tomcat)

8.6.0.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Accessibility (Apache Tomcat)

14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0

14.7.0.2.0 · 14.7.1.0.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Security (Apache Tomcat)

14.7.0.2.0, 14.7.1.0.0

14.7.0.2.0 · 14.7.1.0.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Studio (Apache Tomcat)

8.0.8.3.5

Oracle Fusion Middleware

MFT Runtime Server (Apache Tomcat)

12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Siebel CRM

EAI (Apache Tomcat)

23.4 and prior

Oracle Supply Chain

Folders, Files and Attachments (Apache Tomcat)

9.3.6

Oracle Utilities Applications

Tools (Apache Tomcat)

6.0.0.1-6.0.0.3, 7.0.0.0

7.0.0.0

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 11.0.0-M1 11.0.0-M3 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 10.1.0-M1 10.1.6 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 9.0.0-M1 9.0.72 unbounded

org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina 8.5.0 8.5.86 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	11.0.0-M1	`11.0.0-M3`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	10.1.0-M1	`10.1.6`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	9.0.0-M1	`9.0.72`	unbounded
`org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina`	8.5.0	`8.5.86`	unbounded

Products and versions

2 products, 9 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apache	tomcat	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.86 · ＞ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.72 · ＞ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.6 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone2
osv	org.apache.tomcat	tomcat-catalina	generic	≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.86 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.72 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.6 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apache

tomcat

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.86 · ＞ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.72 · ＞ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.6 · 11.0.0:milestone1 · 11.0.0:milestone2

osv

org.apache.tomcat

tomcat-catalina

generic

≥ 8.5.0 and ＜ 8.5.86 · ≥ 9.0.0 and ＜ 9.0.72 · ≥ 10.1.0 and ＜ 10.1.6 · ≥ 11.0.0 and ＜ 11.0.0

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/3b51230764da595bb19e8d0962dd8c69ab40dfab	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/5b72c94e8b2c4ada63a1d91dc527bf4d8fd1f510	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/c64d496dda1560b5df113be55fbfaefec349b50f	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat/commit/f509bbf31fc00abe3d9f25ebfabca5e05173da5b	WEB
https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=66471	WEB
https://github.com/apache/tomcat	PACKAGE
https://lists.apache.org/thread/hdksc59z3s7tm39x0pp33mtwdrt8qr67	WEB
https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230331-0012	WEB
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-10.html	WEB
https://tomcat.apache.org/security-11.html	WEB

URL

Timeline

Published	2023-03-22	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2023-03-22

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (17 of 24 rules ran)

17 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven matched In scope Maven packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint no match A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven matched Mitigation candidate Open-source Maven artifact indexed by OSV (Maven packages: org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina). The source is public, which makes an ARMR patch rule a candidate; nothing here establishes that one can be written.

19 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit skipped Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match no match A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc skipped Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold withheld CVE ships in Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2025, Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2024, Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2023, Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2023, Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2023 (CPU) — Oracle treats it as urgent, so severity does not settle it

24 no-exploit-published decided it matched No exploit published No exploit code has been published, and an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds.

Products the scope rules checked

The products this CVE's record names, and whether VRT tracks each one. The scope rules decided on these.

Vendor Product Tracked CPE Source

apache tomcat tracked cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

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