`CVE-2021-43859` XStream

Affected software	XStream
Severity	7.5 High CVSS 3.1 3 scores
Fixed in	`1.4.19`
Weakness	Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502)
Published	1 Feb 2022
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. XStream 1.4.19 monitors and accumulates the time it takes to add elements to collections and throws an exception if a set threshold is exceeded. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. Users unable to upgrade may set the NO_REFERENCE mode to prevent recursion. See GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf for further details on a workaround if an upgrade is not possible.

CWE-400 · Uncontrolled resource consumption

Exploitation status

Proof of concept only

A proof of concept exists, but no reviewed exploit catalogue lists this CVE.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment exploitation: poc CISA recorded that an exploit has been demonstrated. Automatable: yes, technical impact: partial.
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 7.9% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

A public code fix exists: x-stream/xstream e8e8862.

Protection none
Action unverified
Review automated Upstream data
Record active

Decided by	Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all
Finding	This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.
Candidate fix	https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846 : a commit: the change itself

Decided by

Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

Finding

This CVE is not listed in CISA KEV or VulnCheck KEV, CISA Vulnrichment records no active exploitation, no reviewed exploit catalogue carries an entry for it, and no GitHub PoC repository for it has 5 or more stars. Nobody has published exploit code worth tracing, so it is not a candidate for a rule ahead of the ones where somebody has; an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds. This is a statement about what has been published, not about whether the defect is reachable or serious.

Candidate fix

https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846 : a commit: the change itself

CVSS

7.5 HIGH v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H 3 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H security-advisories@github.com Secondary published

CVSS 3.1 7.5 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H NVD Primary

CVSS 2.0 5.0 none AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P NVD Primary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	security-advisories@github.com	Secondary	published
CVSS 3.1	7.5	HIGH	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H`	NVD	Primary
CVSS 2.0	5.0	none	`AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:N/A:P`	NVD	Primary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2023 ↗	CPU	2023-Q3	Oracle Communications Applications / Security (XStream) (7.4.0-7.4.2, 7.5.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2023 ↗	CPU	2023-Q2	Oracle Financial Services Applications / Infrastructure (XStream) (2.7, 2.7.1, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0)
Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2022 ↗	CPU	2022-Q4	Oracle Fusion Middleware / General (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / Security Framework (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0) Oracle Fusion Middleware / WebCenter Sites (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0) Oracle Retail Applications / Other (XStream) (15.0.2, 16.0.2)
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2022 ↗	CPU	2022-Q3	Oracle Communications Applications / EM Gateway (XStream) (Prior to 12.0.0.4.6, Prior to 12.0.0.5.1) Oracle Financial Services Applications / Infrastructure (XStream) (12.1)
Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2022 ↗	CPU	2022-Q2	Oracle Communications / CMP (XStream) (12.6.0.0.0) Oracle Communications / Visualization, Database (XStream) (8.0.0-8.1.0, 8.2.0-8.2.3)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2023 ↗

CPU

2023-Q3

Oracle Communications Applications / Security (XStream) (7.4.0-7.4.2, 7.5.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2023 ↗

CPU

2023-Q2

Oracle Financial Services Applications / Infrastructure (XStream) (2.7, 2.7.1, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0)

Oracle Critical Patch Update October 2022 ↗

CPU

2022-Q4

Oracle Fusion Middleware / General (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / Security Framework (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Fusion Middleware / WebCenter Sites (XStream) (12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0)
Oracle Retail Applications / Other (XStream) (15.0.2, 16.0.2)

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2022 ↗

CPU

2022-Q3

Oracle Communications Applications / EM Gateway (XStream) (Prior to 12.0.0.4.6, Prior to 12.0.0.5.1)
Oracle Financial Services Applications / Infrastructure (XStream) (12.1)

Oracle Critical Patch Update April 2022 ↗

CPU

2022-Q2

Oracle Communications / CMP (XStream) (12.6.0.0.0)
Oracle Communications / Visualization, Database (XStream) (8.0.0-8.1.0, 8.2.0-8.2.3)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle Communications	CMP (XStream)	12.6.0.0.0	12.6.0.0.0
Oracle Communications	Visualization, Database (XStream)	8.0.0-8.1.0, 8.2.0-8.2.3
Oracle Communications Applications	EM Gateway (XStream)	Prior to 12.0.0.4.6, Prior to 12.0.0.5.1
Oracle Communications Applications	Security (XStream)	7.4.0-7.4.2, 7.5.0	7.5.0
Oracle Financial Services Applications	Infrastructure (XStream)	2.7, 2.7.1, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0	2.7 · 2.7.1 · 2.8 · 2.9 · 2.9.1 · 3.0 · 3.1 · 3.2 · 4.0 · 12.1
Oracle Fusion Middleware	General (XStream)	12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	Security Framework (XStream)	12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Fusion Middleware	WebCenter Sites (XStream)	12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0	12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0
Oracle Retail Applications	Other (XStream)	15.0.2, 16.0.2	15.0.2 · 16.0.2

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle Communications

CMP (XStream)

12.6.0.0.0

Oracle Communications

Visualization, Database (XStream)

8.0.0-8.1.0, 8.2.0-8.2.3

Oracle Communications Applications

EM Gateway (XStream)

Prior to 12.0.0.4.6, Prior to 12.0.0.5.1

Oracle Communications Applications

Security (XStream)

7.4.0-7.4.2, 7.5.0

7.5.0

Oracle Financial Services Applications

Infrastructure (XStream)

2.7, 2.7.1, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9, 2.9.1, 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 4.0

2.7 · 2.7.1 · 2.8 · 2.9 · 2.9.1 · 3.0 · 3.1 · 3.2 · 4.0 · 12.1

Oracle Fusion Middleware

General (XStream)

12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0

12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

Security Framework (XStream)

12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0

12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Fusion Middleware

WebCenter Sites (XStream)

12.2.1.3.0, 12.2.1.4.0

12.2.1.3.0 · 12.2.1.4.0

Oracle Retail Applications

Other (XStream)

15.0.2, 16.0.2

15.0.2 · 16.0.2

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream 0 1.4.19 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream`	0	`1.4.19`	unbounded

Products and versions

12 products, 20 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
osv	com.thoughtworks.xstream	xstream	generic	＜ 1.4.19
nvd	debian	debian linux	generic	9.0
nvd	fedoraproject	fedora	generic	34 · 35
nvd	jenkins	jenkins	generic	＜ 2.319.3 · ≥ 2.321 and ＜ 2.334
nvd	oracle	commerce guided search	generic	11.3.2
nvd	oracle	communications brm - elastic charging engine	generic	＜ 12.0.0.4.6 · 12.0.0.5.0
nvd	oracle	communications cloud native core automated test suite	generic	1.9.0
nvd	oracle	communications diameter intelligence hub	generic	≥ 8.0.0 and ≤ 8.1.0 · ≥ 8.2.0 and ≤ 8.2.6
nvd	oracle	communications policy management	generic	12.6.0.0.0
nvd	oracle	flexcube private banking	generic	12.1.0
nvd	oracle	retail xstore point of service	generic	16.0.6 · 17.0.4 · 18.0.3 · 19.0.2 · 20.0.1
nvd	xstream	xstream	generic	＜ 1.4.19

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

osv

com.thoughtworks.xstream

xstream

generic

＜ 1.4.19

nvd

debian

debian linux

generic

9.0

nvd

fedoraproject

fedora

generic

34 · 35

nvd

jenkins

generic

＜ 2.319.3 · ≥ 2.321 and ＜ 2.334

nvd

oracle

commerce guided search

generic

11.3.2

nvd

oracle

communications brm - elastic charging engine

generic

＜ 12.0.0.4.6 · 12.0.0.5.0

nvd

oracle

communications cloud native core automated test suite

generic

1.9.0

nvd

oracle

communications diameter intelligence hub

generic

≥ 8.0.0 and ≤ 8.1.0 · ≥ 8.2.0 and ≤ 8.2.6

nvd

oracle

communications policy management

generic

12.6.0.0.0

nvd

oracle

flexcube private banking

generic

12.1.0

nvd

oracle

retail xstore point of service

generic

16.0.6 · 17.0.4 · 18.0.3 · 19.0.2 · 20.0.1

nvd

xstream

generic

＜ 1.4.19

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846	commit
https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf	WEB
https://github.com/x-stream/xstream	WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00018.html	WEB
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/12/msg00023.html	WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VACQYG356OHUTD5WQGAQ4L2TTFTAV3SJ	WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XODFRE2ZL64FICBJDOPWOLPTSSAI4U7X	WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VACQYG356OHUTD5WQGAQ4L2TTFTAV3SJ	WEB
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XODFRE2ZL64FICBJDOPWOLPTSSAI4U7X	WEB
https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html	WEB

URL

Timeline

Published	2022-02-01	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2022-02-01

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (17 of 24 rules ran)

17 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side no match Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven matched In scope Maven packages: com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint matched Mitigation candidate References include candidate fix URL (commit tier): https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846

18 open-source-maven skipped The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit skipped Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match withheld CWE-502 names deserialization, but the description identifies an unsupported deserialization library; not promoted by the CWE alone.

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc skipped Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold no match Severity is HIGH — only MEDIUM/LOW are deprioritized

24 no-exploit-published decided it matched No exploit published No exploit code has been published, and an upstream fix path does exist, so the remediation half of the candidacy still holds.

Products the scope rules checked

The products this CVE's record names, and whether VRT tracks each one. The scope rules decided on these.

Vendor Product Tracked CPE Source

jenkins jenkins not tracked cpe:2.3:a:jenkins:jenkins:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

xstream xstream not tracked cpe:2.3:a:xstream:xstream:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

fedoraproject fedora not tracked cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

debian debian_linux not tracked cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

oracle commerce_guided_search tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:commerce_guided_search:11.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle communications_brm_-_elastic_charging_engine tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_brm_-_elastic_charging_engine:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle communications_cloud_native_core_automated_test_suite tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_automated_test_suite:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle communications_diameter_intelligence_hub tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_intelligence_hub:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle communications_policy_management tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_policy_management:12.6.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle flexcube_private_banking tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:flexcube_private_banking:12.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

oracle retail_xstore_point_of_service tracked cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:16.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

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