`CVE-2016-4436` Apache Struts

Affected software	Apache Struts
Severity	9.8 Critical CVSS 3.0 2 scores
Fixed in	`2.3.29`, `2.5.1`
Published	3 Oct 2016
Updated	17 Jun 2026

Description

Apache Struts 2 before 2.3.29 and 2.5.x before 2.5.1 allow attackers to have unspecified impact via vectors related to improper action name clean up.

Exploitation status

No public exploit

No exploit has been reported in the sources we check. Published 10 years ago.

CISA KEV not listed
VulnCheck KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment no assessment published
Indexed PoC none indexed
EPSS 6.6% chance in 30 days

Waratek protection

No exploit published

Within Waratek scope. In the sources we check, nobody has published exploit code for this CVE or reported it being exploited.

VRT has not found a public code change for this CVE yet.

Protection none
Action not pursued
Review human Researcher
Record active

Decided by	Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset
Finding	A manual classification set this CVE's status to No source fix or exploit.

Decided by

Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

Finding

A manual classification set this CVE's status to No source fix or exploit.

CVSS

9.8 CRITICAL v3.0 CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.0 9.8 CRITICAL CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H NVD Primary published

CVSS 2.0 7.5 none AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P NVD Primary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.0	9.8	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 2.0	7.5	none	`AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P`	NVD	Primary

Affected software and releases

Oracle advisories

Advisory	Type	Quarter	Products Oracle names in its risk matrix
Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2017 ↗	CPU	2017-Q3	Oracle MySQL / Monitor: General (Apache Struts 2) (3.1.5.7958 and earlier, 3.2.5.1141 and earlier, 3.3.2.1162 and earlier,)

Advisory

Type

Quarter

Products Oracle names in its risk matrix

Oracle Critical Patch Update July 2017 ↗

CPU

2017-Q3

Oracle MySQL / Monitor: General (Apache Struts 2) (3.1.5.7958 and earlier, 3.2.5.1141 and earlier, 3.3.2.1162 and earlier,)

Oracle components and versions

Family	Component	Versions, as Oracle lists them	Read as
Oracle MySQL	Monitor: General (Apache Struts 2)	3.1.5.7958 and earlier, 3.2.5.1141 and earlier, 3.3.2.1162 and earlier,

Family

Component

Versions, as Oracle lists them

Read as

Oracle MySQL

Monitor: General (Apache Struts 2)

3.1.5.7958 and earlier, 3.2.5.1141 and earlier, 3.3.2.1162 and earlier,

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev

Package Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.0.0 2.3.29 unbounded

org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.5-BETA1 2.5.1 unbounded

Package	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	2.0.0	`2.3.29`	unbounded
`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	2.5-BETA1	`2.5.1`	unbounded

Products and versions

2 products, 57 version entries

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected versions
nvd	apache	struts	generic	2.0.0 · 2.0.1 · 2.0.2 · 2.0.3 · 2.0.4 · 2.0.5 · 2.0.6 · 2.0.7 · 2.0.8 · 2.0.9 · 2.0.11 · 2.0.11.1 · 2.0.11.2 · 2.0.12 · 2.0.14 · 2.1.6 · 2.1.8 · 2.1.8.1 · 2.2.1 · 2.2.1.1 · 2.2.3 · 2.2.3.1 · 2.3.1 · 2.3.1.1 · 2.3.1.2 · 2.3.3 · 2.3.4 · 2.3.4.1 · 2.3.7 · 2.3.8 · 2.3.12 · 2.3.14 · 2.3.14.1 · 2.3.14.2 · 2.3.14.3 · 2.3.15 · 2.3.15.1 · 2.3.15.2 · 2.3.15.3 · 2.3.16 · 2.3.16.1 · 2.3.16.2 · 2.3.16.3 · 2.3.20 · 2.3.20.1 · 2.3.20.3 · 2.3.24 · 2.3.24.1 · 2.3.24.3 · 2.3.28 · 2.3.28.1 · 2.5 · 2.5:beta1 · 2.5:beta2 · 2.5:beta3
osv	org.apache.struts	struts2-core	generic	≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.29 · ≥ 2.5 and ＜ 2.5.1

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected versions

nvd

apache

struts

generic

2.0.0 · 2.0.1 · 2.0.2 · 2.0.3 · 2.0.4 · 2.0.5 · 2.0.6 · 2.0.7 · 2.0.8 · 2.0.9 · 2.0.11 · 2.0.11.1 · 2.0.11.2 · 2.0.12 · 2.0.14 · 2.1.6 · 2.1.8 · 2.1.8.1 · 2.2.1 · 2.2.1.1 · 2.2.3 · 2.2.3.1 · 2.3.1 · 2.3.1.1 · 2.3.1.2 · 2.3.3 · 2.3.4 · 2.3.4.1 · 2.3.7 · 2.3.8 · 2.3.12 · 2.3.14 · 2.3.14.1 · 2.3.14.2 · 2.3.14.3 · 2.3.15 · 2.3.15.1 · 2.3.15.2 · 2.3.15.3 · 2.3.16 · 2.3.16.1 · 2.3.16.2 · 2.3.16.3 · 2.3.20 · 2.3.20.1 · 2.3.20.3 · 2.3.24 · 2.3.24.1 · 2.3.24.3 · 2.3.28 · 2.3.28.1 · 2.5 · 2.5:beta1 · 2.5:beta2 · 2.5:beta3

osv

org.apache.struts

struts2-core

generic

≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.29 · ≥ 2.5 and ＜ 2.5.1

Earlier manual review

A reviewer classified this CVE in an older dataset. We kept the labels and products below, but not the reviewer's reasoning.

## Manual Classification Context **Labels:** MONITOR: GENERAL (APACHE STRUTS 2), HTTP OVER TLS, NO AUTH REMOTE EXPLOIT **Products:** STRUTS, MYSQL ENTERPRISE MONITOR, ORACLE MYSQL

References

URL	Tags
https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/237432512df0e27013f7c7b9ab59fdce44ca34a5	WEB
https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/27ca165ddbf81c84bafbd083b99a18d89cc49ca7	WEB
https://github.com/apache/struts	PACKAGE
https://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-035.html	WEB
https://web.archive.org/web/20161015140316/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91280	WEB
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ssg1S1009282	WEB
http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21987854	WEB
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2017-3236622.html	WEB
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91280	Third Party Advisory

URL

Timeline

Published	2016-10-03	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-17	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2016-10-03

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-17

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

How VRT decided (5 of 24 rules ran)

5 of 24 rules ran. The rest didn't run because an earlier rule had already settled the CVE.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? the first rule that matches decides

1 rejected no match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is it a vulnerability Waratek protects? the first rule that matches decides

2 armr-patch-file no match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification decided it matched No exploit published Found in legacy manual classifications

6 non-java-upstream not reached A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component not reached The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the JInitiator browser plug-in, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in, or a native part of Oracle Application Server or Collaboration Suite (HTTP Server, Web Cache, Internet Directory, mail and calendar servers). Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 java-client-side not reached Oracle's own risk-matrix note saying the CVE is reached only through untrusted code in the Java sandbox (applets, Web Start) or only through a client installation of Java, so a server running its own trusted code is not exposed

9 osv-maven not reached An OSV.dev record of this CVE affecting a package published to Maven Central. When every such package is one business applications do not use (Minecraft mods and launchers, Fastjson) and no tracked product is named by CPE, it settles the CVE as Outside Waratek scope instead

10 cna-maven-package not reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

11 known-cpe-product not reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

12 cna-cpe-product not reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

13 oracle-advisory-family not reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

14 cna-named-product not reached A tracked product named in words by the CVE's own CNA, on a record with no CPE yet. Apache and Eclipse publish these on advisory day, before NVD adds CPE data.

15 non-deployable-product not reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

16 unmatched-product not reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? every rule runs

17 patch-hint not reached A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

18 open-source-maven not reached The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

19 poc-derivable not reached An indexed exploit clearing the evidence bar to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

20 no-exploit not reached Nothing to build a rule from yet: no published exploit, no CISA record of exploitation and no source-level change to read

21 secure-rule-match not reached A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

22 exploited-no-fix-or-poc not reached Somebody exploiting this CVE (a CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, or a CISA verdict of active exploitation), with no fix, source code or PoC to build a rule from

23 below-action-threshold not reached Medium or Low severity, no CISA or VulnCheck KEV listing, no PoC clearing the evidence bar, no CISA verdict, no Oracle advisory

24 no-exploit-published not reached Exploit code for this candidate, published in a reviewed catalogue or a GitHub repository with 5 or more stars, or in use per CISA or VulnCheck; not only a CISA verdict, a forecast, or nothing at all

NVD ↗ · CVE.org ↗