`CVE-2011-3923`

9.8 Critical Mitigation candidate

Description

Apache Struts before 2.3.1.2 allows remote attackers to bypass security protections in the ParameterInterceptor class and execute arbitrary commands.

CWE-732 · Incorrect permission assignmentCWE-94 · Code injection

Exploitation Status

Working exploit published

A reviewed exploit catalogue carries this CVE. Somebody has published code a stranger can run.

CVSS E:P

CISA KEV not listed
CISA Vulnrichment no assessment published
Indexed PoC 1 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in Exploit-DB; first seen 2013-03-22.
EPSS 89% chance in 30 days A model prediction, not an observation. Higher than 100% of all scored CVEs.

Index	Artifact	Stars	First seen
Exploit-DB	Apache Struts - 'ParametersInterceptor' Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)		2013-03-22

Index

Artifact

Stars

First seen

Exploit-DB

Apache Struts - 'ParametersInterceptor' Remote Code Execution (Metasploit)

2013-03-22

Waratek Defense Posture

Mitigation candidate

A defect of the type ARMR addresses, with a fix path to work from and a working exploit already published. This is a claim on attention, not a scheduling commitment: no rule exists and none is scheduled.

Protection none
Action unverified patch rule
Review automated inferred
Record active

Decided by open-source-maven : The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read

Finding This CVE affects an open-source Java library published on Maven Central (Maven packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core), so it is squarely in ARMR's territory and the source needed to understand the defect is public. That makes it a candidate for an ARMR patch rule. No rule exists and none is scheduled: the diff between the affected and fixed versions has not been read, and a closer look may find no hook point ARMR can act on.

Decided by	`open-source-maven` : The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read
Finding	This CVE affects an open-source Java library published on Maven Central (Maven packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core), so it is squarely in ARMR's territory and the source needed to understand the defect is public. That makes it a candidate for an ARMR patch rule. No rule exists and none is scheduled: the diff between the affected and fixed versions has not been read, and a closer look may find no hook point ARMR can act on.

CVSS

9.8 CRITICAL v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H 2 metrics

VRT selects the newest version's highest entry and publishes it as cvssScore, newest rather than largest because scores are not comparable across versions, and highest rather than first because the first entry is frequently a CNA placeholder scoring 0.0 over NVD's own analysis.

Version Score Band Vector Assigner Type

CVSS 3.1 9.8 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H NVD Primary published

CVSS 2.0 7.5 no band published AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P NVD Primary

Version	Score	Band	Vector	Assigner	Type
CVSS 3.1	9.8	CRITICAL	`CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H`	NVD	Primary	published
CVSS 2.0	7.5	no band published	`AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P`	NVD	Primary

Affected Software & Releases

☕ Maven Library Packages

Artifact coordinates and fix boundaries from OSV.dev

Package Coordinate Introduced Fixed Last affected

org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.0.0 2.3.1.2 unbounded

Package Coordinate	Introduced	Fixed	Last affected
`org.apache.struts:struts2-core`	2.0.0	`2.3.1.2`	unbounded

🖥️ Product CPEs & Version Ranges

3 product(s) over 3 version claims (uncapped)

Source	Vendor	Product	Scheme	Affected Versions
nvd	apache	struts	generic	≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.1.2
osv	org.apache.struts	struts2-core	generic	≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.1.2
nvd	redhat	jboss enterprise web server	generic	1.0.0

Source

Vendor

Product

Scheme

Affected Versions

nvd

apache

struts

generic

≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.1.2

osv

org.apache.struts

struts2-core

generic

≥ 2.0.0 and ＜ 2.3.1.2

nvd

redhat

jboss enterprise web server

generic

1.0.0

References

URL	Tags
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2011-3923	WEB
https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/72585	WEB
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3923	WEB
https://web.archive.org/web/20140725074137/http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/38	WEB
http://blog.o0o.nu/2012/01/cve-2011-3923-yet-another-struts2.html	WEB
http://struts.apache.org/development/2.x/docs/s2-009.html	WEB
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/38
http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/24874
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/51628
http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1026575

URL

Timeline

Published 2019-11-01 Last modified 2026-06-16

Published	2019-11-01	By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified	2026-06-16	NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Published

2019-11-01

By the CVE Program.

NVD record modified

2026-06-16

NVD's own last-modified date for this record.

Pipeline policy audit (15 of 21 rules evaluated)

15 of 21 rules ran. The rest were never reached, because an earlier stage settled the CVE, a distinct claim from a rule that ran and found nothing.

# Rule Outcome Status Detail

identity: Does this identifier describe a vulnerability at all? first match wins

1 rejected no-match CVE Program withdrawal of this identifier

scope: Is the vulnerability ARMR's to address? first match wins

2 armr-patch-file no-match An ARMR patch file on disk for this CVE

3 armr-secure-rule-file no-match An ARMR security-rule template on disk for this CVE

4 manual-classification no-match A researcher's recorded decision for this specific CVE

5 manual classification no-match Manual classification of this CVE in the legacy dataset

6 non-java-upstream no-match A root cause in non-Java code: an OS kernel, a C library, or a bundled runtime

7 oracle-component no-match The defect being in a component of a tracked product the agent does not reach: JavaFX, the Java SE installer, the native WebLogic proxy plug-in. Oracle gives these no CPE of their own and names them only in the description.

8 osv-maven matched Queued for review Maven packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core

9 cna-maven-package not-reached An affected Maven artifact named by the CNA itself

10 known-cpe-product not-reached An NVD CPE naming a product ARMR tracks

11 cna-cpe-product not-reached A CPE the CNA published naming a tracked product. Oracle publishes these on advisory day, months before NVD.

12 oracle-advisory-family not-reached A tracked product family named in Oracle's own risk matrix. CPE cannot carry a suite name, only a module.

13 non-deployable-product not-reached The only affected product being a sealed appliance image, where Java runs but no -javaagent can be attached

14 unmatched-product not-reached No tracked product matched above, and none present at all

disposition: What do we do about one that is? cumulative: every rule gets a turn

15 patch-hint no-match A reference pointing at the upstream fix: a commit, a PR, a Red Hat bug

16 open-source-maven decided it matched Mitigation candidate Open-source Maven artifact indexed by OSV (Maven packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core). The source is public, which makes an ARMR patch rule a candidate; nothing here establishes that one can be written.

17 poc-derivable skipped An indexed exploit to reverse-engineer, where there is no source to read

18 no-exploit skipped With no fix path, a public exploit, or a CISA record of one

19 secure-rule-match no-match A vulnerability class already blocked by an ARMR security rule

20 below-action-threshold no-match Severity is CRITICAL — only MEDIUM/LOW are deprioritized

21 no-exploit-published no-match A KEV listing, a CISA verdict of active exploitation, or a reviewed exploit catalogue carries this CVE — somebody has published a working exploit, so it stays a candidate

What the scope rules read

The products the record named, and whether known-products.yaml tracks them. This is the evidence the scope stage decided on.

Vendor Product Tracked CPE Source

apache struts tracked cpe:2.3:a:apache:struts:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

redhat jboss_enterprise_web_server tracked cpe:2.3:a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:1.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* yaml

Raw stored JSON document for this CVE ↗ · NVD ↗ · CVE.org ↗