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CVE-2011-3923 Apache Struts

Affected softwareApache Struts
Severity9.8 Critical CVSS 3.1 2 scores
Fixed in2.3.1.2
WeaknessIncorrect permission assignment (CWE-732)
Published1 Nov 2019
Updated16 Jun 2026

Description

Apache Struts before 2.3.1.2 allows remote attackers to bypass security protections in the ParameterInterceptor class and execute arbitrary commands.

CWE-94 · Code injection

Exploitation status

Exploited

Real-world exploitation reported by VulnCheck KEV. CISA has not confirmed it.

  • CISA KEV not listed
  • VulnCheck KEV listed Exploitation reported in the wild. Honeypot sightings · earliest 2026-11-09.
  • CISA Vulnrichment no assessment published
  • Indexed PoC 2 indexed Published artifacts you can open, in Exploit-DB, Metasploit; first seen 2013-03-22.
  • EPSS 89% chance in 30 days A model's forecast, not a report of exploitation. Higher than 99.8% of all scored CVEs.

VulnCheck KEV

Exploitation evidence from VulnCheck Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (VulnCheck KEV), used under VulnCheck's community terms. View CVE-2011-3923 in VulnCheck (free account).

EvidenceSourceDetailDate
Honeypot sighting VulnCheck canaries Exploitation attempts seen on 5 days 2026-11-09 to 2026-11-13
IndexArtifactStarsFirst seen
Exploit-DB Apache Struts - 'ParametersInterceptor' Remote Code Execution (Metasploit) 2013-03-22
Metasploit Apache Struts ParametersInterceptor Remote Code Execution (excellent rank)

Waratek protection

Mitigation candidate

A kind of vulnerability Waratek's rules address, with exploit code published or exploitation reported. No rule exists and none is planned yet. The decision below says what we found to build a rule from.

  • Protection none
  • Action unverified
  • Review automated Inferred
  • Record active
Decided by The affected package being open source on Maven, so the fix can be read
Finding This CVE affects an open-source Java library published on Maven Central (Maven packages: org.apache.struts:struts2-core), so it is squarely in ARMR's territory and the source needed to understand the defect is public. That makes it a candidate for an ARMR patch rule. No rule exists and none is scheduled: the diff between the affected and fixed versions has not been read, and a closer look may find no hook point ARMR can act on.

CVSS

9.8 CRITICAL v3.1 CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H 2 metrics

We show the highest score from the newest CVSS version. Scores from different versions can't be compared, and the first score listed is sometimes a 0.0 placeholder.

VersionScoreBandVectorAssignerType
CVSS 3.1 9.8 CRITICAL CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H NVD Primary published
CVSS 2.0 7.5 none AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P NVD Primary

Affected software and releases

Maven packages

Affected and fixed versions, from OSV.dev
PackageIntroducedFixedLast affected
org.apache.struts:struts2-core 2.0.0 2.3.1.2 unbounded

Products and versions

3 products, 3 version entries
SourceVendorProductSchemeAffected versions
nvd apache struts generic ≥ 2.0.0 and < 2.3.1.2
osv org.apache.struts struts2-core generic ≥ 2.0.0 and < 2.3.1.2
nvd redhat jboss enterprise web server generic 1.0.0

References

URLTags
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2011-3923 WEB
https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/72585 WEB
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2011-3923 WEB
https://web.archive.org/web/20140725074137/http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/38 WEB
http://blog.o0o.nu/2012/01/cve-2011-3923-yet-another-struts2.html WEB
http://struts.apache.org/development/2.x/docs/s2-009.html WEB
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2014/Jul/38
http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/24874
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/51628
http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1026575

Timeline

Published2019-11-01By the CVE Program.
NVD record modified2026-06-16NVD's own last-modified date for this record.
VulnCheck KEV: earliest evidence2026-11-09Date of the oldest evidence of exploitation in VulnCheck KEV's record. VulnCheck does not publish the date it listed the CVE.
VulnCheck KEV: latest evidence2026-11-13Date of the newest report, exploit reference or honeypot sighting in VulnCheck KEV's record.